郎德上寨“工分制”:一个难于略去的集体符号

Langde Upper Village“Work Division System”:A Collective Symbol that is Difficult to Omit

从贵州雷山县郎德上寨景区化进程中组织特征与分配制度入手,探讨具有人民公社时期集体符号特征的“工分制”的缘起与演化、属性特征及延存原因。研究指出:“工分制”内嵌于村寨历史文化、社会结构、族群政治、生计方式以及价值信仰中,村民借助村寨文化的整体性和内聚力,在与国家、市场等力量的互动、博弈与碰撞中实现了延续与再造。借此说明:以民族村寨为载体的旅游景区,制度建构应从村落的文化机制与社会结构出发,充分尊重社区居民的主体性地位,挖掘地方性知识,在与村民讨论的基础上形成制度共识,由此产生的制度外溢效应才能维系旅游吸引力,确保村落旅游的可持续发展。

Starting from the organizational characteristics and distribution system in the process of scenic spots in Langde Upper Village,Leishan County,Guizhou Province,this paper discusses the origin and evolution,attribute and reasons for the continuation of the"work division system"with the collective symbol of the people's commune period.The study points out that the"work division system"is embedded in the village's history and culture,social structure,ethnic politics,livelihood means and value beliefs.With the help of the integrity and cohesion of the village culture,the villagers have achieved continuity and reconstruction in the interaction,transaction and encounter with the state,market and other forces.This shows that the institutional construction of tourism scenic spots based on ethnic villages as the carrier should start from the cultural mechanism and social structure of the villages,fully respect the subjective status of community residents,tap local knowledge,and form institutional consensus on the basis of discussions through villagers.The resulting institutional spillover effect can maintain the attraction of tourism and ensure the sustainable development of village tourism.