固步自封还是开拓进取?员工工作反刍对其反馈寻求策略的影响机制研究

Thinking Alone or Seeking Help to Forge Ahead?The Influence Mechanism of Employees′Work-Related Rumination on Their Feedback Seeking Strategies

随着市场竞争环境变化和竞争加剧,员工下班后持续思考工作即工作反刍的状态频繁出现,这使员工无法有效地从身心层面脱离工作,引发一系列心理健康与职业问题。从工作反刍的不同维度——情感反刍和问题解决沉思开展的研究鲜见,也少有研究探讨工作反刍对反馈寻求行为的影响机制。基于沟通与不确定性管理理论和积极情绪拓展建设理论,探讨不同维度工作反刍对反馈寻求行为的影响,以及工作反刍与反馈寻求行为关系中职场友谊和职场孤独感的作用。采用问卷调查形式,以379名企事业单位员工为数据样本,定量分析结果显示:情感反刍、问题解决沉思对监控式反馈寻求行为和问询式反馈寻求行为都有正向预测作用;职场友谊正向调节情感反刍对反馈寻求行为的影响关系,职场孤独感负向调节情感反刍对反馈寻求行为的影响关系,职场孤独感和职场友谊对问题解决沉思与反馈寻求行为之间关系的调节作用较弱。最后,针对不同工作反刍对反馈寻求行为的影响机制,提出相关对策建议。

The employees′work intensity and pressure are increasing in the present business environment.Employees are often troubled outside working hours,especially with the popularity of information and communication technology,the boundary between work and private life is blurring.Work-related rumination will further prevent employees from physical and mental relaxation.The research on the phenomenon of work-related rumination and its influencing effect based on the Chinese situation has very important research value,and the problem of employee work-related rumination deserves the attention of the theoretical and practical fields.Most studies on rumination thinking are commonly seen in patients with depression(trait rumination)in the field of psychology and health and well-being,but there are few studies on employees'work-related rumination in the workplace.Notably due to the differences of thinking content,there are significant positive and negative effects in the follow-up effects of different dimensions of work-related rumination;however,there are few studies on the follow-up effects from the different dimensions of work-related rumination-affective rumination and problem-solving pondering.Relying on the communication and uncertainty management theory and the expansion theory of positive emotion,this study takes problem-solving pondering and affective rumination as independent variables and workplace friendship and workplace loneliness as moderating variables,and explores if there is an impact between work-related rumination and dependent variable feedback seeking behavior.It further analyzes the internal mechanism of the impact path.Through the questionnaire survey data of 379 employees in enterprises and institutions,this study verifies the influence mechanism of work-related rumination on feedback seeking behavior,and the results are presented as follows:(1)affective rumination positively affects the behavior of monitoring and inquiry feedback seeking;(2)problem solving pondering has a positive impact on monitoring and inquiry feedback seeking behavior;(3)workplace friendship positively moderates the positive influence of affective rumination on monitoring and inquiry feedback seeking behavior;(4)workplace loneliness negatively moderates the positive influence of affective rumination and monitoring and inquiry feedback seeking behavior;(5)workplace friendship negatively moderates problem solving pondering,which has a positive impact on monitoring feedback seeking behavior,but has no moderation effect on inquiry feedback seeking behavior;(6)workplace loneliness positively moderates the positive influence of problem solving pondering on monitoring and inquiry feedback seeking behavior.Finally,this paper discusses the theoretical values and implications for management practice of the study.In the theoretical sense,firstly,the study enriches the theoretical research of work-related rumination,and explores the two different dimensions of work-related rumination,problem-solving pondering and affective rumination,enriching the research perspective.Secondly,it expands the discussion on the antecedent variables of feedback seeking behavior.There are few studies on the two different dimensions of feedback seeking behavior:monitoring feedback seeking behavior and inquiry feedback seeking behavior,enriching the understanding of the antecedents of feedback seeking behavior.Thirdly,it reveals that the role of work-related rumination has positive effects on feedback seeking behavior.On the basis of the uncertainty and communication management theory and the expansion theory of positive emotions,this paper introduces workplace friendship and workplace loneliness as regulatory variables,explores the internal influence mechanism of work-related rumination and feedback seeking behavior,and widens the research boundary.In a practical sense,through the research on the factors of work-related rumination and the influence mechanism of feedback seeking behavior,this paper puts forward some management suggestions from the levels of employees,managers and organizations.Specifically,employees can gradually form the thinking habit of replacing affective rumination with problem-solving pondering,strengthen their resilience and self-competence when they face the work pressure,and positively use feedback sources to seek information;managers can conduct cognitive evaluation and pre-judgment analysis on employees'work-related rumination behavior,and formulate corresponding solutions;organizations should encourage the existence of workplace friendship and mutual aid thinking to enhance employees'feedback seeking behavior with work-related rumination.