国家管辖范围外区域战略环境评估制度的发展及其实施

On Progress and Implementation of the Strategic Environment Assessment System in ABNJ

新的《〈联合国海洋法公约〉下国家管辖范围以外区域海洋生物多样性的养护和可持续利用协定》正式确立了国家管辖范围外区域开展战略环境评估的制度。欧美国家先行由国内法对战略环境评估作出界定,从而在新的国际协定中回收了“定义权”。海洋战略环境评估的引入,对于国家管辖范围外区域生物多样性保护意义重大,但也面临战略环境评估内涵与实践的多样化、国际规则碎片化和实施主体国际化等诸多挑战。中国应充分认识战略环境评估作为一项程序性机制在国家管辖范围外区域环境治理中的作用与特点,完善海洋法战略环境评估制度与实践,引领协定实施和相关话语权。

The new BBNJ Agreement established the system of strategic environmental assessments in areas beyond national jurisdiction(ABNJ).European and American countries first defined strategic environmental assessments through domestic laws,thus reclaiming the“right to define”in the new international treaty.The introduction of marine strategic environmental assessment is of great significance for the protection of biodiversity in ABNJ.However,it also faces many challenges such as the diversification of the connotations and practices of strategic environmental assessment,fragmentation of international rules on SEAs,and internationalization of implementing entities.China should fully recognize the role and characteristics of strategic environmental impact assessment as a procedural mechanism in environmental governance in ABNJ,improve the domestic law and practice of SEA,and lead the construction of a maritime community with a shared future and the discourse power related.