中国共产党创办高等教育的探索与实践——以延安自然科学院为视角的考察

Exploration and Practice and of Chinese Communist Party’s Higher Education--A Case Study of Yan’an Academy of Natural Sciences

延安自然科学院是中国共产党领导创办的第一所理工科高等学校。短短五年办学历程,延安自然科学院深入探索教育规律,走出了一条中国共产党兴办高等科学技术教育与研究的道路:实现了政治与科学的有机平衡,在强调“讲政治”的前提下,保障科学相对独立的地位;实现了理论与实践的有效结合,以“教学—科研—生产”三位一体的教学模式代替经院式教育,尝试在有限条件下解决实现高等教育可持续开展的难题;实现了精英与大众的良性互动,在开展科普运动的同时积极向百姓学习,促使精英与大众的互动与平衡。这些探索与理念对传承红色基因、扎根中国大地办大学提供了重要的历史借鉴。

Yan’an Academy of Natural Sciences was the first science and engineering university founded by the Communist Party of China.In the course of running the school in just five years,the Academy of Natural Sciences explored the laws of education,and formed a unique path for the CPC to develop higher education.First,the organic balance between politics and science was achieved,under the premise of emphasizing“politics”and guaranteeing the relatively independent status of science.Second,the effective combination of theory and practice was realized,and the scholastic education was replaced with the three-in-one teaching model of“teaching-research-production”,trying to solve the problem of sustainable development of higher education under limited conditions.Third,the benign interaction between the elite and the public was realized,by actively learn from the common people while carrying out the popularization movement.These school-running concepts provide an important historical reference for inheriting the red gene today and taking root in China to create a world-class university with Chinese characteristics.