诉讼文化视角下对非法证据排除规则虚置化的思考

Thoughts on the Virtual Setting of Exclusionary Rules of Illegal Evidence from the Perspective of Litigation Culture

非法证据排除规则在实践中面临着程序启动困难、公诉机关选择性宣读证据、排除标准界定模糊、法院不愿否认通过非法手段收集的证据效力等阻碍。立足本土诉讼文化视角可发现,职权主义诉讼以发现真相、惩罚犯罪为最高价值目标,难以唤起司法工作人员和普罗大众对程序正义的关注。传统的司法理念与流水线的诉讼构造,导致非法证据排除规则的本土化落实举步维艰。因而,有必要从界限明确、实践完善、文化适应等三个面向,纾解非法证据排除规则的虚置化隐忧。

In practice,the exclusionary rule of illegal evidence faces with obstacles such as difficulties in starting procedures,selective reading of evidence by public prosecution organs,vague definition of exclusionary standards,and the reluctance of courts to deny the validity of illegally obtained evidence.Based on the perspective of local litigation culture,it can be found that the highest value goal of the inquisitorial litigation is to discover the truth and punish the crime,and it is difficult to arouse the attention to procedural justice of judicial staff and the general public.The traditional judicial concept and the litigation structure with assembly line make it difficult to implement the localization of the exclusionary rule.Therefore,it is necessary to relieve the problem of the unreality of exclusionary rule from the three aspects of clear boundary,perfect practice and cultural adaptation.