抗战胜利后协和医学院复校的外部问题及其纾解

The External Problems of the Resumption of Peking Union Medical College after the Victory of the Anti Japanese War and Their Relief

在1946年至1948年的复校进程中,协和医学院因自身需要及与美国方面千丝万缕的历史渊源而被卷入“二战”后美国恢复、提升全面在华存在的国际关系场域中。抗战胜利后协和并未第一时间复校,这主要是受到马歇尔使团占据校舍的影响。与此同时,人才流失美国、美援撤退带来的经费缺口等其他协和复校“美国问题”亦突出严峻。通过合理调适“在地化”与美援方面“美国符号”的分歧,复校时期的协和在保持一定独立性之同时充分获取了美援支持。在复校阶段,协和经费成为了美援方面的政治利器。马歇尔使团曾挟经费以霸占校舍,而协和经费困难致使的主权“洼地”也被美援方面视作注入美国权力的重要瓶口。不过,协和方面灵活应对,通过管理机制再平衡兼顾了自身“融入中国”的初心与美援方面的控制欲,最终为复校赢取了相对有利的国际局面。

In the process of school resumption from 1946 to 1948,Peking Union Medical College was involved in the field of international relations in which the United States restored and enhanced its overall presence in China after World War II because of its own needs and its inextricable historical ties with the United States After the victory of the Anti Japanese War,Peking Union Medical College did not return to school at the first time,which was mainly affected by the Marshall Mission􀆳s occupation of the school buildings At the same time,the“American problem”of Peking Union Medical College􀆳s resumption,such as brain drain in the United States,funding gap caused by the withdrawal of American aid,is also prominent and serious The Peking Union Medical College in the period of resumption of school has fully obtained American financial support while maintaining a certain degree of independence by reasonably adjusting the differences in the“American symbol”in terms of localization and American aid In the recovery phase,the funding of Peking Union Medical College has become a political weapon in terms of US aid The Marshall Mission used to hijack funds to occupy the school buildings,and the sovereign“depression”caused by the financial difficulties of Peking Union Medical College was also regarded by the United States as an important bottle of American power However,Peking Union Medical College responded flexibly and took into account its original intention of“integrating into China”and its desire to control US aid through the management mechanism,which ultimately won a relatively favorable international situation for the resumption of the school.