工业大麻中全基因组关联分析研究进展

Advances in Genome-Wide Association Study in Industrial Hemp

工业大麻作为一种重要的特种经济作物,已经实现全产业链发展,尤其是其韧皮纤维作为重要原料而被广泛应用于纺织、造纸、建筑、家居、绝缘材料、建材以及汽车零部件和复合材料。国内对工业大麻的研发和应用较早,工业大麻纺织产品在全球市场上具有极大地竞争力。在纺织工业中随着市场对纤维产量的需求越来越高,对品质的要求也越来越严格,科研人员需要不断选育优质高产的纤维型工业大麻品种。全基因组关联分析(GWAS,genome-wide association study)能够揭示作物表型与基因型之间的联系,利于挖掘性状相关基因和遗传基础信息,进而分析群体遗传结构,推动分子育种与品种性状改良有机结合培育高产高质、抗病抗逆的优良品种。目前该技术方法已广泛应用在棉花、水稻、玉米、小麦等农作物中,在工业大麻等主要麻类纤维作物中的研究也取得一定进展。因此,本研究对目前工业大麻中GWAS的应用情况及研究结果进行阐述,并对未来应用该技术的研究方向进行了简要说明,以期为工业大麻后续采用GWAS分析提供见解。

The industrial hemp(Cannabis sativa L.)as an important special economic crop,has implemented the development of the whole industrial chain.Its bast fiber is a significant raw material and has been widely used in textiles,papermaking,home furnishings,insulation materials,construction materials,and auto parts and composites.China has stronger academic and applied research experiences in industrial hemp,and the derived textile products are highly competitive in the global market.Due to the increasing yield and quality demand for textile fibers,it is necessary for researchers to breed high-quality,high-yield fiber varieties.The genome-wide association study(GWAS)can reveal the association between phenotype and genotype,thus becoming of interest in gene mining,stacking of multiple elite genes alleles,analyzing the population genetic structure and finally breeding for novel varieties showing high-yield,high-quality,disease resistance,and stress resistance.At present,GWAS is widely used in cotton,rice,corn,wheat and other crops,and increasingly used in industrial hemp and other major hemp fiber crop.Thus,the review summarizes the application of GWAS in industrial hemp and briefly proposes the research focuses that remained yet conducted,in order to provide insights for the application of GWAS technique in industrial hemp.