铂金镍纳米合金的制备研究进展

Research progress of preparation of Pt-Au-Ni nanoalloys

铂基催化材料在燃料电池阳极催化剂和脱氢反应领域具有较大的应用前景,目前的纯铂和二元铂基催化剂并不能满足电催化领域的需求,新的三元铂基催化材料不断涌现。其中Pt-Au-Ni纳米合金催化剂在降低贵金属含量,增强催化活性,消除铂催化剂易中毒等方面具有较大的潜力。综述了近年来Pt-Au-Ni合金纳米材料的制备方法,包括液相合成法、种子生长法、化学蚀刻法等制备方法,对现有的制备方法进行了总结。在酸性环境下,合金催化剂容易出现Ni的溶解,降低催化剂的活性,甚至造成催化剂的失效,因此提出了金属间化合物催化剂可能是解决方法,为Pt-Au-Ni纳米合金的研究提供思路。

Platinum-based catalytic materials have excellent applications in fuel cell anode catalysts and dehydrogenation reactions.The current pure platinum and binary platinum-based catalysts cannot meet the needs of the electrocatalytic field,and new ternary platinum-based catalytic materials are constantly emerging.Among them,Pt-Au-Ni nanoalloy catalysts have great potential in reducing the content of precious metals,enhancing catalytic activity,and eliminating the poisoning of platinum catalysts.The preparation methods of Pt-Au-Ni alloy nanoparticles in recent years were reviewed,including the lliquid phase synthesis,seed growth,chemical etching,etc.The existing preparation methods were summarized.In acidic en-vironments,the alloy catalysts were prone to Ni dissolution,which could reduce the catalyst activity and even cause catalyst failure.Therefore,intermetallic compound catalysts had been proposed as a possible solution,providing ideas for the re-search of Pt-Au-Ni nanoalloys.