技能适配:欧盟应对技能转型的职业教育行动及镜鉴

Skills Adaptation: EU's Vocational Education Action and Mirror for Responding to the Skills Transition

技能是使个体与社会产生内在关联的核心纽带,增强技能供给与技能需求的结构性适配是实现技能强国的关键举措。人口老龄化、技能偏好性数字技术进步、绿色技能转型引发技能供需结构调整,激化了欧盟技能供需失配的矛盾。不仅会加剧个体人力资本贬值风险,阻碍企业技术创新与生产力进步,也会阻滞经济发展和催化社会排斥。加强劳动力市场技能预测、促进青年失业群体的技能激活、激励在职人员的技能重塑、聚焦建构终身技能学习生态,揭示了欧盟职业教育赋能技能适配的内核逻辑。这为推进我国职业教育技能适配提供了行动借鉴,包括聚焦产业发展与职业变迁,重视技能预测;提高劳动者的就业参与度,强化技能激活;健全经费投入和监督机制,落实技能提升培训;依托生涯教育与资格框架,服务技能终身学习。

Skills are the core link that makes individuals and society intrinsically related,and enhancing the structural adaptation of skills supply and skill demand is a key measure to build a skilled country.The aging of the population,the advancement of digital technology with a preference for skills,and the transformation of green skills have triggered the adjustment of the structure of skills demand,which has intensified the contradiction between the supply and demand of skills in the EU.It will not only exacerbate the risk of depreciation of individual human capital,hinder technological innovation and productivity progress of enterprises,but also hinder economic development and catalyze social exclusion.Strengthening the prediction of skills in the labor market,promoting the skill activation of youth unemployed groups,stimulating the skills reshaping of working personnel,and focusing on the new ecology of lifelong skills learning reveal the core logical orientation of EU vocational education to empower skills adaptation.This provides action lessons for promoting vocational education skill adaptation in China,including focusing on industrial development and occupational changes and emphasizing skills forecasting,increasing labor force participation and strengthening skills activation,improving funding and monitoring mechanisms and caring for skills upgrading,and serving lifelong learning of skills based on career education and qualification frameworks.