隧道拱顶亮化标对驾驶员眼动参数影响的研究

Research on the Influence of Tunnel Dome Illumination Standards on Driver's Eye Movement Parameters

公路隧道入口处的亮度变化将导致驾驶员的视觉适应困难(“黑洞”以及“白洞”现象),甚至导致交通事故。为了减缓这种现象,需要合理的设置隧道的照明强度,使得驾驶员的眼睛瞳孔变化较为平缓。国内外有许多方案来解决这种问题,一种方法是增强隧道内的照明,这样能够使得环境光和隧道内的照明光基本上协调。但是随着节能的需求日益增加,如何能在尽可能少的能量消耗的条件下,实现减缓或者消除“黑洞”或者“白洞”现象成为重要的研究热点。本课题主要研究隧道内顶部安装的亮化标的相关参数对驾驶员眼动参数之间的关系,从而发现相关的规律,并对亮化标进行合理的设计和选择。课题中以眼动仪作为主要的测量设备,主要研究从隧道外到隧道内(以一定的车速),驾驶员的瞳孔面积随亮化标设置变化的规律。眼动实验的数据表明,亮化标的安装能够减缓从隧道外到隧道内眼球变化速率,进而减缓“黑洞”现象。

The variation in brightness at the entrance of a highway tunnel can cause visual adaptation difficulties for drivers(such as"black holes"and"white holes"phenomena),and even lead to traffic accidents.In order to alleviate this phenomenon,it is necessary to set the lighting intensity of the tunnel reasonably,so that the changes in the driver's eyes and pupils are relatively smooth.There are many solutions at home and abroad to solve this problem,one method is to enhance the lighting inside the tunnel,which can make the ambient light and the lighting inside the tunnel basically coordinated.However,with the increasing demand for energy conservation,how to slow down or eliminate the phenomenon of"black holes"or"white holes"with as little energy consumption as possible has become an important research hotspot.This project mainly studies the relationship between the relevant parameters of the reflective cone installed on the top of the tunnel and the driver's eye movement parameters,in order to discover the relevant laws and make reasonable design and selection of the reflective cone design.The main measurement equipment in the project is an eye tracker,which mainly studies the variation of the driver's pupil area with the setting of the reflector from outside the tunnel to inside the tunnel(at a certain speed).The data from eye movement experiments indicate that the installation of reflective cones can slow down the rate of eye changes from outside the tunnel to inside,thereby slowing down the phenomenon of"black holes".