家庭社会工作实践中个人经验与专业经验的关系探讨——兼论性别对界限的影响

Personal and Professional Boundary Revisited with a Gender Perspective in Family Social Work Settings

在中国社会工作语境下,家庭社会工作领域关注社工的个人经验与性别角色,对从事家庭项目的女社工往往有超越专业范畴的期待。本文不仅对社工专业性与个人经验间的关系与界限进行了具象化的描绘,从社工的细致回顾与反思中梳理其职业成长阶段,勾勒出当前实务环境中的“专业性”图景,还特别捕捉了性别因素影响下的特点与变化。对M市不同社会工作机构的家庭项目的研究发现,社工在处理不同工作内容时会根据情境调用两方面的经验,如何运用专业知识和个人经验、二者的界限如何均受工作年资的影响。处于职业发展中段以前的社工在两者的边界方面呈现部分重叠与单向渗透的特点;资历较深的社工认为两者应能互相转化,不分界限。女社工内化了传统女性气质塑造的性别形象与工作期待,其工作内容与方式以及对职业成长、个人经验和专业性关系的理解,都超越了工作本身,体现出女性与家庭、情感、关系的捆绑;她们的性别观念对其在工作中的公私界限产生了影响,但实际并未改变或打破它。

Social workers'personal experience and gender roles are emphasized in many family social work service programs in China.Traditional femininity shapes social workers'gender image and role expectations,which exceeds professional expertise.Existing literature on the relationship and boundary between personal experience and professional expertise generally lacks gender perspectives,and discussions in the Chinese context is still not enough.This article,based on in-depth interviews and focus groups with 17 family social workers,not only elaborates the relationship and boundary between the two,but also gives a vivid and gender sensitive picture of the professional growth of family social workers.It found that social workers employ different experience or expertise under different situations.The years they have worked in the profession have strong influence over this.In the early-to-middle stage of their profession,there seems to be a clear boundary between the two,and social workers expect to learn from their professional experience on how they could deal with their own family problems.Longer years blur the line,and social workers become more goal/result-oriented.Female social workers internalize the gendered ideal,and the way they do their work may reinforce the stereotypical binding between women and familial,emotional,and relational matters.Their gender awareness may just disturb,instead of deconstruct,the boundary between personal and professional.