“大跃进”的召唤与挑战——《耕云记》中女气象员的成长、压力与限度

The Summon and the Challenge of the"Great Leap Forward":The Weatherwoman's Growth,Stress and Limits in The Story of Ploughing Clouds

李准的小说《耕云记》呈现了“大跃进”中的复杂样貌。一方面,“大跃进”和人民公社提供的种种现实条件使得普通的农村青年萧淑英能够成为一名女气象员;另一方面,在此背景下,萧淑英的气象工作受到了多方面的压力,包括生产责任的压力、群众舆论的压力和权威性不足的压力。小说中的公社关书记和萧淑英虽然试图应对这些压力,但其回应仍显不足,特别是没有正面面对舆论所反映的群众意见。这是因为李准在1959年、1960年的特定观念形成了对群众意见的筛选和排斥机制。他所塑造的“为党工作”的萧淑英,由于缺乏“为群众工作”的意识,没有有效理解和化解群众的不满。透过萧淑英的成长、压力与限度,我们可以经由李准的视角,看到“大跃进”时期为科学引入农业生产所创造的条件,看到它为人发挥主观能动性所开辟的可能,以及它在此时农村的现实结构中所受到的种种挑战。

Li Zhun's short story The Story of Ploughing Clouds represented the complicated appearance during the"Great Leap Forward".On the one side,the various practical conditions that the"Great Leap Forward"and the people's commune provided made the rural youth Xiao Shuying become a weatherwoman.On the other side,in the same situation of the"Great Leap Forward",Xiao's meteorological work were under the pressures from the responsibility of production,public opinions and a lack of authority.In the story,even though the commune Party Secretary Guan and Xiao Shuying had tried to cope with the pressures,their efforts were still insufficient,especially considering that their failure to respond to the opinions of the masses.This was owing to Li Zhun's certain concepts forming in the years of 1959 and 1960 which filtrated and excluded some people's opinions.On the account of lacking in the consciousness of""working for the people",Xiao Shuying focused on"working for the party",didn't understand and handle those complaints from the masses.By means of Xiao Shuying's growth,stress and limits,we were able to get into Li Zhun's perspective,which contained how the conditions were created to bring the science into the agricultural production during the"Great Leap Forward"',how the science made the subjective initiative possible,and what would be the challenges that the science confronted in the actual structure at that moment.