政府管制、就业质量与收入差距——基于流动人口数据的研究

Government Regulation,Quality of Employment and Income Gap:A Study Based on Floating Population Data

通过将宏观层面数据与2015年全国流动人口卫生计生动态监测调查数据相匹配,本文实证考察了政府管制对流动人口就业的影响。结果发现:政府管制越严格,流动人口的就业质量越低,表现为就业稳定性下降、更难到正规就业部门就业和劳动收入减少,一系列稳健性检验证实了结论的可靠性。进一步地,政府管制导致的就业扭曲不仅产生了流动人口内部的性别收入差距,还拉大了流动人口与城市户籍人口之间的收入差距。从代际差距的角度看,受政府管制影响,流动人口的低就业质量还降低了未成年子女随迁的概率,加剧了留守儿童问题。最后,地区劳动保护的加强与流动人口自身议价能力的提升在一定程度上有助于缓解政府管制对就业质量带来的负面影响。本文的研究表明,推进政府简政放权改革有利于继续释放“流动人力红利”,缩小社会收入差距和促进经济健康增长。

By matching the macro-level data with the 2015 national floating population health and family planning dynamic monitoring survey data,this paper empirically examines the impact of government regulation on the employment of the floating population.The results show that the stricter the government controls,the lower the quality of employment of the floating population,which is manifested in the decline in employment stability,more difficulty to get employment in the formal employment sector,and a decrease in labor income.A series of robustness tests have confirmed the reliability of the conclusion.Furthermore,employment distortions caused by government regulation not only lead to the gender income gap within the migrant population but also widen the income gap between the migrant population and the urban registered population.From the perspective of the intergenerational gap,affected by government regulation,the low employment quality of the floating population also reduces the probability of underage children moving with them,exacerbating the problem of left-behind children.Finally,the strengthening of regional labor protection and the improvement of the floating population's own bargaining power can help alleviate the negative impact of government regulation on employment quality to a certain extent.The research of this paper shows that promoting the reform of government streamlining administration and delegating power will help further release the “dividend of floating manpower”,narrow the social income gap,and promote healthy economic growth.