区位导向性政策如何影响本地就业——基于中国大学城建设的研究

How Do Place-Based Policies Affect Local Employment:A Study Based on the Construction of University Towns in China

本文通过构建存在溢出效应的集聚经济模型,刻画与验证了以中国大学城建设为代表的区位导向性政策对本地就业的影响。研究发现:大学城建设能够显著促进本地就业规模与就业增长率;机制分析显示,大学城在促进与其紧密联系型行业的就业的同时,还会通过“集聚-溢出”效应影响本地其他行业;异质性分析发现,高行政级别城市、4年制普通大学占比高和规模较大的大学城对本地就业的促进作用更显著。本文的发现对于如何通过实施针对性的区位导向性政策提升本地就业承载力具有重要的政策含义,为评估中国大学城建设绩效提供了经验证据。

By constructing an agglomeration economic model with spillover effects,this paper characterizes and verifies the mechanism and effect of place-based policies,represented by the construction of Chinese university towns(UT)on local employment.The study finds that UT significantly boosts local employment,and the mechanism analysis shows that employment in industries with close ties to UT is significantly boosted and further spills over to other industries through the“agglomeration-spillover”effect.The heterogeneity analysis found that high-administrative-level cities and UT with a large proportion of 4-year ordinary universities and large-scale can more significantly improve local employment.My findings have important policy implications on how to improve local employment carrying capacity by implementing targeted place-based policies and provide empirical evidence for evaluating the performance of UT.