儿童肺炎支原体感染检出情况、特征分析及危险因素调查

Analysis of detection,characteristics,and risk factors for Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in children

目的分析儿童肺炎支原体感染特征并调查感染危险因素,为儿童肺炎支原体感染防治工作提供借鉴资料。方法以2018年1月至2022年12月长治市潞城区人民医院诊治的肺炎儿童病例为研究对象,收集儿童性别、年龄、发病季节、临床症状、胸部听诊、肺部影像学表现斑片状或大片状致密影、白细胞计数、支原体感染史等相关资料,根据静脉血支原体抗体检测结果统计儿童肺炎支原体感染检出率并分析感染病例分布特点,通过单因素、多因素Logistic回归分析方法确定儿童肺炎支原体感染危险因素。结果获得有效研究对象3891例,有效率95.23%。检出肺炎支原体感染718例,感染率为18.45%(718/3891)。男童(56.27%)多于女童(43.73%),以4~6岁儿童占比最高(41.50%),其次为1~3岁、7~12岁、3月龄~1岁儿童;发病季节以冬季发病占比最高(39.83%),其次为秋季、春季、夏季;临床症状以咳嗽占比最高(89.00%),其次为发热、呼吸急促等。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示:年龄越大(OR=1.963)、咳嗽(OR=2.768)、肺部影像学表现为斑片状或大片状致密影(OR=2.983)、白细胞计数增高(OR=2.161)、支原体感染史(OR=1.436)是儿童肺炎支原体感染的危险因素。结论儿童肺炎支原体感染率有待进一步降低,了解儿童肺炎支原体感染的特征及危险因素,可以针对具体感染情况及危险因素采取有效的防治措施,减少其对肺炎患儿的健康危害。

Objective To analyze the characteristics of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in children and investigate the risk factors of infection,so as to provide the reference for the prevention and control of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in children.Methods Children diagnosed with pneumonia and treated at Changzhi Lucheng District People's Hospital from January 2018 to December 2022 were included in the study.Data on gender,age,onset season,clinical symptoms,chest auscultation,pulmonary imaging manifestations(such as patchy or large flake dense shadow),white blood cell count,history of mycoplasma infection,and other relevant factors were collected.The rate of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in children was calculated based on the results of mycoplasma antibody detection in venous blood,and the distribution characteristics of infected cases were analyzed.Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors for Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in children.Results A total of 3891 valid cases were collected,with a validity rate of 95.23%.Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections were detected in 718 cases,with an infection rate of 18.45%(718/3891).There were more boys(56.27%)than girls(43.73%)infected with Mycoplasma pneumoniae,and the highest proportion(41.50%)of infections occurred amongst children aged 4-6 years,followed by children aged 1-3 years,7-12 years,and 3 months to 1 year old.Furthermore,infections were most common during winter(39.83%),followed by autumn,spring,and summer.The most prevalent clinical symptom was cough(89.00%),followed by fever,and shortness of breath.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis indicated that older age(OR=1.963),cough(OR=2.768),patchy or large flake dense shadows on pulmonary imaging(OR=2.983),elevated white blood cell count(OR=2.161),and history of mycoplasma infection(OR=1.436)were risk factors for Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in children.Conclusions The rate of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in children needs to be further reduced.Knowing the characteristics and risk factors of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in children,effective prevention and control measures can be adopted based on the specific circumstances of the infection and risk factors to minimize its impact on the health of children with pneumonia.