2019年内蒙古自治区饮水型地方性氟中毒病区氟骨症患病调查结果分析

Analysis of investigation results of the prevalence of skeletal fluorosis in drinking-water-borne endemic fluorosis areas in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in 2019

目的了解内蒙古自治区饮水型地方性氟中毒病区氟骨症患病情况,为现阶段氟骨症的进一步防治提供参考依据。方法2019年3-10月,在内蒙古自治区的阿拉善、巴彦淖尔、包头、鄂尔多斯、呼和浩特、呼伦贝尔、乌兰察布、锡林郭勒8个病区盟(市)所有病区村开展氟骨症病情调查,以病区村内18岁及以上的常住居民为调查对象。采用面对面问卷调查采集所有对象的年龄、性别、流行病学史等基本资料,并进行氟骨症临床检查;采集居民的饮用水水样进行水氟含量检测。结果共调查病区18岁及以上居民123166人,检出氟骨症患者1781例,检出率为1.45%。氟骨症患者病情分度以轻度为主,占72.26%(1287/1781);其他依次为中、重度,分别占20.38%(363/1781)、7.36%(131/1781)。不同水氟含量、年龄、性别、地区人群氟骨症检出率比较,差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)=565.96、671.32、4.38、17283.80,均P<0.05);其中,以水氟含量>4.0 mg/L、≥56岁及女性人群检出率较高,分别为5.21%(49/941)、2.26%(1428/63188)、1.52%(905/59555);且锡林郭勒盟和包头市人群氟骨症检出率较高,分别为25.48%(745/2924)、24.32%(225/925)。结论内蒙古自治区饮水型地方性氟中毒病区氟骨症病情已得到有效控制,但部分地区氟骨症患者仍较多,需要进一步有针对性地开展防治工作。

Objective To study the prevalence of skeletal fluorosis in drinking-water-borne endemic fluorosis areas in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(Inner Mongolia),and to provide reference for further prevention and treatment of skeletal fluorosis at this stage.Methods From March to October 2019,a survey of skeletal fluorosis was carried out in all diseased villages of the eight diseased leagues(cities)in Inner Mongolia,including Alxa,Bayannur,Baotou,Ordos,Hohhot,Hulunbeier,Ulanqab and Xilingol.Permanent residents aged 18 years and above in the diseased villeges were investigated.Face to face questionnaires were used to collect the basic data of age,sex,epidemiological history,etc.of all subjects,and clinical examination of skeletal fluorosis was carried out.Drinking water samples were collected from residents for fluoride content testing.Results A total of 123166 residents aged 18 years and above were investigated,1781 cases of skeletal fluorosis were detected,and the detection rate was 1.45%.The degree of skeletal fluorosis was mild,accounting for 72.26%(1287/1781);the others were moderate and severe,accounting for 20.38%(363/1781)and 7.36%(131/1781),respectively.There were statistically significant differences in the detection rates of skeletal fluorosis among people of different water fluoride content,age,gender and regions(χ^(2)=565.96,671.32,4.38,17283.80,P<0.05).Among them,the detection rates of skeletal fluorosis in water fluoride content>4.0 mg/L,≥56 years old and female population were relatively high,which were 5.21%(49/941),2.26%(1428/63188)and 1.52%(905/59555),respectively.The detection rates of skeletal fluorosis in Xilingol League and Baotou City were significantly higher,25.48%(745/2924)and 24.32%(225/925),respectively.Conclusion The situation of skeletal fluorosis in drinking-water-borne endemic fluorosis areas in Inner Mongolia has been effectively controlled,but there are still relatively many patients with skeletal fluorosis in some areas,and further targeted prevention and control work is needed.