甘肃省肃南裕固族自治县喜马拉雅旱獭鼠疫流行及耶尔森菌感染调查分析

Investigation and analysis of plague epidemic Yersinia infection in Marmota himalayana,Yugur Autonomous County of Sunan,Gansu Province

目的了解甘肃省肃南裕固族自治县(肃南县)喜马拉雅旱獭鼠疫流行态势及耶尔森菌感染状况,为防控鼠疫提供新思路。方法2014-2018年,在肃南县现场采集喜马拉雅旱獭肝脾、盲肠、咽拭子及血液样本,分离鉴定耶尔森菌菌株类型,并进行鼠疫F1抗原、抗体检测。结果共采集喜马拉雅旱獭肝脾组织634份、盲肠样本427份、咽拭子样本426份,分别检出鼠疫耶尔森菌23株、马赛耶尔森菌2株、弗氏耶尔森菌1株,检出率依次为为3.63%(23/634)、0.47%(2/427)、0.23%(1/426);不同年份鼠疫耶尔森菌检出率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=13.19,P=0.010)。共检测喜马拉雅旱獭血清1822份,检出F1抗体阳性样本5份,阳性率为0.27%,不同年份间比较差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=25.22,P<0.001);检测喜马拉雅旱獭肝脾组织匀浆282份,检出F1抗原阳性样本22份,阳性率为7.80%,不同年份间比较差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=7.85,P=0.097)。检出的23株鼠疫耶尔森菌分布在马蹄藏族乡(12株)、大河乡(6株)、祁丰藏族乡(5株);1株弗氏耶尔森菌和2株马赛耶尔森菌均在大河乡。结论2014-2018年肃南县有动物间鼠疫流行,检出鼠疫耶尔森菌和非致病性耶尔森菌的地区有重叠。

Objective To study the epidemic situation of Marmota himalayana plague and Yersinias infection in Yugur Autonomous County of Sunan(Sunan County)of Gansu Province,and to provide new ideas for prevention and control of plague.Methods From 2014 to 2018,liver and spleen,cecum,throat swabs and blood samples of Marmota himalayana were collected on the spot in Sunan County,where Yersinia strains were isolated and identified,and plague F1 antigen and antibody were detected.Results A total of 634 liver and spleen samples,427 cecum samples and 426 throat swabs samples were collected from Marmota himalayana,and 23 strains of Yersinia pestis,2 strains of Yersinia marcescens,and 1 strain of Yersinia flexneri were detected,with the detection rates of 3.63%(23/634),0.47%(2/427)and 0.23%(1/426),respectively.The detection rate of Yersinia pestis in different years was statistically significantly different(χ^(2)=13.19,P=0.010).A total of 1822 serum samples of Marmota himalayana were detected,and 5 F1 antibody positive samples were detected,with a positive rate of 0.27%,the difference of positive rate between different years was statistically significant(χ^(2)=25.22,P<0.001);282 liver and spleen tissue homogenates of Marmota himalayana were detected,22 F1 antigen positive samples were detected,the positive rate was 7.80%,and there was no statistically significant difference between different years(χ^(2)=7.85,P=0.097).The 23 strains of Yersinia pestis detected were distributed in Mati Tibetan Township(12 strains),Dahe Township(6 strains)and Qifeng Tibetan Township(5 strains);1 strain of Yersinia flexneri and 2 strains of Yersinia marcescens were both located in Dahe Township.Conclusion There is an epidemic of plague among animals in Sunan County from 2014 to 2018,and the areas where Yersinia pestis and non pathogenic Yersinia are detected overlapped.