我国实验性医疗的刑法规制研究

On the Criminal Law Regulation of Experimental Medical Treatment in China

实验性医疗是指使用危险和疗效均属未知的新药品、新器械或新技术尝试治愈疾病的行为,其主要目的是为了探求科学新知,次要目的是治愈疾病。非法实验性医疗行为对刑法保护的法益产生了现实或紧迫的威胁,为了发挥刑法一般预防的作用震慑非法实验性医疗行为,保护处于弱势地位的受试者,有必要通过刑法规制非法实验性医疗行为。在实验性医疗行为中,应当对于刑事违法性进行准确识别,对于合理风险和危害风险进行实质判断,从而精准划分实验性医疗刑法介入的限度。我国既有的刑法规范难以有效打击非法实验性医疗行为,前置法规范与刑法规范衔接不畅。应当制定《人体实验法》完善前置法规范,在《刑法》中增设非法人体试验罪,并坚持刑法谦抑性认定非法实验性医疗犯罪行为,妥善处理医学伦理与刑事法律的关系,从而完善我国实验性医疗刑法规制路径。

Experimental medical treatment refers to the use of new drugs,devices,or technologies with unknown risks and efficacy in an attempt to cure diseases.Its main purpose is to explore scientific new knowledge,and its secondary purpose is to cure diseases.Illegal experimental medical treatment poses a real or urgent threat to the legal interests protected by criminal law.In order to exert the general preventive effect of criminal law to deter illegal experimental medical treatment and protect vulnerable subjects,it is necessary to regulate illegal experimental medical treatment through criminal law.The criminal illegality should be accurately identified,and substantive judgments should be made on reasonable and harmful risks,so that the limits of intervention of criminal law in experimental medical treatments can be accurately delineated.It is difficult to leverage the existing criminal law norms in China to crack down on illegal experimental medical treatments,and the pre⁃positive legal norms and criminal law norms are not smoothly connected.We should formulate the Human Body Experiment Law to improve the pre⁃positive legal norms,add the crime of illegal human body experiments in the Criminal Law,and adhere to the humble determination of illegal experimental medical crimes in the criminal law,properly handle the relationship between medical ethics and criminal law,in order to improve the regulatory path of China′s experimental medical criminal law.