垄断协议二分法的制度改进--以轴辐协议的性质判定为视角

Institutional Improvement of the Dichotomy of Monopoly Agreements--From the Perspective of the Nature of Hub and Spoke Agreements

垄断协议二分法是一种优势与劣势同样突出的分类方法,其优势在于划分标准明确且易于遵循,能够有效提升司法效率。其弊端主要表现在二分式的“硬性”边界“软化”、逻辑出发点不准确以及过分强调形式三方面。对于拥有跨界性质的轴辐协议来说,简单、直接、程式化的二分法在垄断协议性质划分时会使其面临类型化认定与违法性认定的双重困境。破解这一难题的关键在于对垄断协议的性质划分方法、划分标准以及划分所反映的实质性内容形成明确认识,既要明确轴辐协议竞争效果标准的定性目标与坚持实质正义的定性标准,还要拓展垄断协议行为类型定性方法,进而自然推导出第三类垄断协议的定性结论。由此,可逐步将垄断协议的分类方式由二分法过渡到“三分法+兜底条款”,以完善垄断协议制度体系并解决轴辐协议的定性问题。

Monopoly agreement dichotomy is a classification method with the equally prominent advantages and disadvantages.Its advantages are that the classification standard is clear and easy to follow,which can effectively improve judicial efficiency;its disadvantages are mainly manifested in three aspects:the dichotomy“rigid”boundary“softening”,inaccurate logical starting point and over-emphasis on form.For the hub and spoke agreement with cross-border nature,the simple,direct and stylized dichotomy will make it face the dual dilemma of type identification and illegality confirmation when dividing the nature of monopoly agreements.The key to solving this problem lies in forming a clear understanding of the nature division method,division standards,and substantive content reflected in the division of monopoly agreements.It is necessary to clarify the qualitative objectives of the competition effectiveness standard of the hub and spoke agreement and adhere to the qualitative standards of substantive justice,as well as expand the qualitative methods of the behavior types of monopoly agreements,and naturally derive the qualitative conclusions of the third type of monopoly agreements.Thus,the classification method of monopoly agreement can be gradually changed from dichotomy to“trichotomy+Miscellaneous Provisions”,so as to improve the system of monopoly agreement and solve the qualitative problem of hub and spoke agreement.