世界高本底辐射地区流行病学、剂量学和放射生物学问题的回顾

Review of radiation epidemiology,dosimetry and radiobiology in areas with high natural background radiation areas of the world

世界上各地区辐射水平不尽相同,自然形成的高本底辐射地区由于其辐射剂量及居住人群的独特性,一直吸引着各国研究者的关注。早期流行病学研究中并未显示高本底地区癌症发病率有增加趋势,这引起了对线性无阈值假设有效性的一些争议。本文介绍并讨论了在中国、巴西、印度和伊朗等一些主要世界高本底天然辐射地区进行的放射性水平测量、放射生物学和辐射流行病学研究的主要结果,以期引起人们对与世界高本底地区相关的剂量学、流行病学和放射生物学等热点问题的研究兴趣。针对现阶段面临的问题提出建议,得以更好地进行高本底地区的相关研究,同时保护高本底辐射地区居民免于可能受到的辐射影响。

Radiation levels therefore vary from one region of the world to another.Naturally occurred high background radiation areas,due to the uniqueness of their radiation doses and the populations that inhabit,has always been attracting the attention of researchers from different countries.Early epidemiological studies did not show an increasing trend in cancer incidence in high natural background radiation areas,raising some controversy about the validity of the linear non-threshold hypothesis.This paper presents and discusses the main results of radioactivity level measurements,radiobiological and radiation epidemiological studies conducted in some of the major areas with high natural background radiation areas of the world,such as China,Brazil,India and Iran.It is hoped that research interest will be aroused in the topical issues of dosimetry,epidemiology and radiobiology related to the high natural background radiation areas of the world.Recommendations to address the problems faced at this stage,in order to achieve better research related to high natural background radiation areas.At the same time,the inhabitants of high natural background radiation areas are protected from possible radiation exposure.