摩擦电、电化学、压电和介电弹性体能量回收器的低频能量回收性能的提升策略:研究进展及挑战

Strategies for enhancing low-frequency performances of triboelectric,electrochemical,piezoelectric,and dielectric elastomer energy harvesting:recent progress and challenges

机械能回收是指将海浪、风和人体运动等各种形式的机械能转化为电能的一种方法.这为解决化石燃料的枯竭和环境问题提供了一个可行性方案.然而,将机械能直接转化为电能的主要障碍是大多数机械能源的低频率(≤5赫兹)会导致能量转换效率、输出功率和输出电流偏低.近年来,许多研究报道了利用工作机制创新来改进能量收集技术的方法.本综述旨在深入分析基于摩擦电、电化学、压电和介电弹性体效应的低频能量回收技术的研究进展.从概述与低频能量回收有关的困难开始,阐明了影响机械能量回收器低频回收性能的关键因素,包括工作机制、环境因素和设备组成,同时比较和总结了不同机制在低频能量回收中的优缺点.此外,该综述还阐述了通过优化材料成分、结构和装置设计来提高低频能量回收性能的策略,并展示了机械能回收器在波浪能、风能和人体运动能量回收方面的应用.最后,针对不同应用场景,提供了对机械能回收机制选择的推荐,为新一代能量回收器的改进和制造提供了思路.

Mechanical energy harvesting transforms various forms of mechanical energy,including ocean waves,wind,and human motions,into electrical energy,providing a viable solution to address the depletion of fossil fuels and environmental problems.However,one major obstacle for the direct conversion of mechanical energy into electricity is the low frequency of the majority of mechanical energy sources(≤5 Hz),resulting in low energy conversion efficiency,output power and output current.Over recent years,a numerous innovative technologies have been reported to enable improved energy harvesting utilizing various mechanisms.This review aims to present an in-depth analysis of the research progress in low-frequency energy harvesting technologies that rely on triboelectric,electrochemical,piezoelectric,and dielectric elastomer effects.The discussion commences with an overview of the difficulties associated with low-frequency energy harvesting.The critical aspects that impact the low-frequency performance of mechanical energy harvesters,including working mechanisms,environmental factors,and device compositions,are elucidated,while the advantages and disadvantages of different mechanisms in low-frequency operation are compared and summarized.Moreover,this review expounds on the strategies that can improve the low-frequency energy harvesting performance through the modulations of material compositions,structu res,and devices.It also showcases the applications of mechanical energy harvesters in energy harvesting via waves,wind,and human motions.Finally,the recommended choices of mechanical energy harvesters with different mechanisms for various applications are offered,which can assist in the design and fabrication process.