从界画的斜角设计看宋元时期建筑制图特征

Research on the Architectural Drafting Features in the Song and Yuan Dynasties in Light of the Angle Design of the Ruler Painting

探讨宋元界画的侧面斜角取值规律,发现高频出现的角度均为等分圆心角或特殊勾股角,总结出画家利用团扇类媒材时采取的三种主要几何控制方法:同心圆等分角控制、单向平行斜线组控制、双向菱形斜线网控制。循此现象分析图像的绘制过程,提出画家借助特定辅助线系统赋予画面内在形式秩序,并利用网格法进一步控制物形比例的基本设想,结合建筑模数制度比较界画创作与实际营造的异同,对“画宫于堵”的设计制图方法提出相应解释。

The paper discusses the acquisition law of the architecture lateral angles of ruler paintings in the Song and Yuan dynasties,and finds out that the common angles are bisected central angles or special Pythagorean angles.It is understood that when painting on a round silk fan the painter adopts three main geometric control methods:concentric circle bisecting angel,unidirectional parallel diagonal lines,and bidirectional rhombic diagonal grid.Accordingly,the paper analyzes the drawing process of images,and holds that the painter gives the picture an internal form order with the help of a specific auxiliary line system and further controls the form proportion by using a grid method.Based on building module system,it compares the similarities and differences between the ruler painting creation and the actual construction,and proposes a corresponding explanation for the design and drawing of“painting the palace on the wall”.