黟县传统民居宅门方圆构图比例研究

Study on the Square-Circle Composition Ratio in Traditional Residence Gates in Yixian

传统民居宅门往往雕刻精美,设计考究,代表了宅主人的“脸面”。徽州传统民居宅门通过门罩形式和雕刻差异凸显了宅主人不同的身份地位与审美意趣,以门罩为核心的宅门装饰做法与比例关系体现了当地居民对建筑装饰独特的美学理解与营建逻辑。通过对黟县传统村落民居建筑宅门尺寸的测绘,梳理不同类型宅门的尺寸区间,分析宅门立面构图,总结宅门尺度的逻辑关系,最终得出黟县传统村落宅门设计中或在宅门整体构图上或在局部构图中,都借鉴了中国传统的方圆构图比,反映出传统方圆比不仅在官式建筑上有着普遍应用,乡土建筑的设计营造也在潜移默化中受其影响,方圆比在传统民居中的应用对古建修复提供理论支持的同时也给现代建筑的民族性表达提供了新思路。

The traditional residence gates,exquisitely engraved and elaborately designed,represent the dignity of the house owner.The varying carving and style of door header covers of Huizhou traditional residence highlights the different status of identity and aesthetic interest of the house owners.The decorating practice and the composition ratio that are central to their door cover reflect the unique aesthetic understanding and the construction logic of local residents for architectural decoration.By surveying the gate dimensions of traditional village houses in Yixian County,categorizing the scale of different types of doors,analyzing the composition of the facade of the gates,and summarizing the logic relation of those dimensions,the paper comes to the conclusion finally that the Chinese traditional square-circle composition ratio should be referred to in the gate design of traditional villages in Yixian,either totally or partially.This reflects the fact that the traditional square-circle composition ratio is not only widely used in official buildings,but also imperceptibly influences the design and construction of vernacular buildings.The application of square-circle composition ratio in traditional folk houses provides theoretical support for the restoration of ancient buildings,and also a new idea for the expression of nationality in modern architecture.