辽墓驼车题材壁画研究

Study of Camel Cart Themed Murals in Liao Tombs

考古发现的辽代壁画墓中有20余座墓葬的壁画内容涉及驼车题材。依据这些考古材料,通过地理信息系统分析,并结合相关史料记载,探讨辽代驼车题材壁画分布的时空范围及其原因,驼、车来源及其原因。基本确定了驼车题材壁画主要分布在两个地区:一是辽代中晚期的上京东南边缘、中京东北部、东京西北部地区;二是辽代中晚期的西京地区。这两个地区是奚族分布地区和受奚族影响较大的地区。这与奚人善造车的史料记载相合。而辽代骆驼的来源有两个途径:一是战争掠夺;二是党项、阻卜、吾独婉等属国的进贡。将库伦旗奈林稿M6壁画所绘驼车与《辽史》中的相关记载详细对比,推断该驼车即青幰车。

Archaeological discoveries revealed that there were more than 20 Liao tombs with murals depicting the theme of camel carts.Based on these archaeological data,through GIS(geographic information system)analysis,along with related historical records,this paper discussed the tempo-spatial distribution of camel cart-themed murals during the Liao Dynasty and its context,as well as the origins of camels and carts,and their backgrounds.It was essentially confirmed that camel cart-themed murals were mainly distributed in two regions:one was the southeast edge of Shangjing,northeastern Zhongjing,and northwestern Dongjing during the mid-late Liao Dynasty;the other was the Xijing area during the mid-late Liao Dynasty.These two regions were the places where the Xi people lived and were greatly influenced by the Xi people,which is consistent with historical records of the Xi people being skilled in cart-making.The sources of Liao camels came from two paths:war plundering and tribute from vassal states such as Dangxiang,Zunbu,and Wuduwan.By comparing details of the camel cart depicted in the Nailin'gao tomb No.6 in Kulun Banner with related records in History of Liao,it can be inferred that the camel cart depicted was a cart with a blue curtain.