玉器工艺技术研究:概念、方法与探索

Study of Jade Crafting Technology:Concepts,Methodologies and Explorations

石器技术研究领域的“操作链”、“剥片程序”和“行为链”等概念和方法为古代玉器工艺技术研究提供了新视角。古代玉器加工可以看作不可逆的“减法”过程,故而需要精密的技术组织。玉料本身的矿物特性和加工过程中工匠们为提升效率而进行的技术调整体现了其技术的“物质性”或“实用原因”,而根植于社会与文化背景中的原料、玉器、工匠、使用者、社会群体等构成的复杂关系则构成技术的“社会性”或“文化原因”。通过梳理考古学技术研究的概念和方法,举例说明技术研究方法在玉器领域的重要意义和具体运用,探索古代玉器工艺技术研究的方向。

Concepts and methodologies such as"chaine operatoire,""reduction sequence,"and"behavior chain"in the field of lithic technology study can shed new light on the study of ancient jade crafting technology.Ancient jade manufacturing can be viewed as an irreversible"subtractive"process,and thus calls for an elaborate technological organization.In order to increase manufacturing efficiency,technological adjustments made by craftsmen based on mineral characteristics of jade ores reflect the"materiality"or"pragmatic dimension"of technology.However,the complexity entangled by socially and culturally rooted factors such as raw materials,products,craftsmen,users,and social communities constitutes the"sociality"or"cultural dimension"of technology.Through analysis of concepts and methodologies in the archaeology of technology,along with case studies,this paper demonstrates the significance and specific application of the technological perspective in the study of jade objects and explores new orientations for studying ancient jade craftsmanship.