木薯缓释肥和地膜/地布覆盖对木薯生长的影响

Effects of Slow-release Fertilizer Application and Film Mulching on Growth of Cassava

为解决木薯专用缓释肥研制及提高木薯种植效益提供科学依据,于2021年开展大田试验,以不施肥为对照,设置常规施肥、小颗粒单膜缓释肥(C1)、小颗粒双膜缓释肥(C2)及地膜/地布覆盖共8个组合处理,研究不同组合对木薯生长及产量、养分吸收及肥料利用率的影响。结果表明,施肥显著促进木薯植株生长和不同时期的木薯生物量累积及木薯产量;相对常规施肥,施用缓释肥可促进木薯植株生长,鲜薯增产21.3%~53.0%,淀粉增产25.5%~58.1%,肥料利用率提高1.9~27.1个百分点;C1和C2配合覆盖地膜/地布,对促进木薯生长、提高木薯产量和肥料利用率效果更佳,鲜薯增产37.4%~52.0%,淀粉增产39.6%~58.1%;C1和C2相对常规施肥,可降低磷肥施用量,在保证木薯产量的同时将磷肥利用率提高14.0~47.3个百分点。C1和C2均有助于木薯生长和增产、提高氮磷钾肥料利用率,达到减肥增效的作用,配合覆盖地膜/地布的效果更优,以每公顷施用100 kg N、33.3 kg P_(2)O_(5)和100 kg K_(2)O养分含量的单膜小颗粒缓释肥并配合覆盖地布最佳。

In order to provide scientific basis for the development of special slow-release fertilizer for cassava and improve the benefit of cassava planting,a field trial was conducted in 2021 with 8 treatments,including no fertilization(CK) and conventional fertilization,and other 6 combinations of two slow released fertilizers(C1,single-film slow released fertilizer with small particle;C2,double-film slow released fertilizer with small particle),and two types of mulching,including plastic film mulching(PF) and ground cloth(GC) mulching.Cassava growth and root yield,nutrient absorption and fertilizer utilization were investigated.The results showed that cassava growth such as plant height and stem diameter were stimulated by fertilization,as well as the biomass accumulation and cassava yield.Compared with conventional fertilization,slow-release fertilizer improved the growth of cassava,the root yield increased by 21.29%-53.00%,the starch yield increased by25.46%-58.1%,and the nutrient utilization rate increased by 1.9%-27.1%;C1 and C2 combined with mulching film/cloth had better effect on promoting the growth of cassava,increasing cassava yield and fertilizer utilization rate,increasing the yield of fresh root by 37.41%-52.00% and starch by 39.58%-58.1%;compared with conventional fertilization,slow-release fertilizers C1 and C2 reduced the amount of phosphate fertilizer and greatly improved its utilization rate by 14.0%-47.3% while ensuring the yield of cassava.In conclusion,applying C1 and C2 is an effective way to increase cassava growth and root yield,and fertilizer utilization rate,and it is more helpful when combined with plastic film or cloth mulching.The application of C1with N 100 kg/hm^(2),P_(2)O_(5) 33.3 kg/hm^(2)and K_(2)O 100 kg/hm^(2),together with ground cloth covering is the optimum for cassava in this study.