大田纯稻草栽培草菇营养评价与效益分析

The Nutrition and Benefit Analysis of Volvariella volvacea Cultivated in Field with Straw Substrate

草菇可利用纯稻草进行生产。为了提高稻草等秸秆利用率和增值效益,推广纯稻草高效栽培新技术,笔者从营养评价、种植效益等进行分析,探讨水稻—草菇—蔬菜周年轮作种植模式的可行性。收集早造稻草进行草菇种植,检测草菇的蛋白质、氨基酸、矿质离子等成分,对草菇进行必需氨基酸占比(EAA)、必需氨基酸与WHO/FAO模式谱值的比值(RAA)、氨基酸比值系数(RC)、氨基酸比值系数评价得分(SRC)等评价,对种植前后土壤有机质进行检测,并计算种植效益。纯稻草种植的草菇鲜品蛋白质含量为2.93%(折合干品为36.63%),脂肪0.3%,碳水化合物3.8%,钾、磷分别为3.05×10^(3)、1.05×10^(3)mg/kg。检测到17种水解氨基酸,其中必需氨基酸占比32%,谷氨酸含量最高,支链氨基酸占比15.13%。6种必需氨基酸RAA值与WHO/FAO模式谱接近,SRC值为64。检测到20种游离型氨基酸,甜味和鲜味氨基酸占游离型氨基酸44.43%,谷氨酸是主要鲜味氨基酸。菌渣还田后土壤有机质含量比对照提高了20.33%,草菇种植收益是水稻的8倍。纯稻草大田栽培草菇营养丰富,经济效益好,菌渣还田提高土壤有机质含量,适合在南方水稻主产区夏秋季节推广应用。

Volvariella volvacea can be produced by straw substrate.In order to improve the utilization rate and benefit of straw wastes,and promote the new high-efficiency cultivation technology,we explored the feasibility of the annual rotation pattern of rice-straw mushroom-vegetable from the perspectives of nutritional evaluation and economic benefit analysis.The straw was collected and used for straw mushroom cultivation,the fruitingbody protein,amino acid,mineral ions and other components of mushroom were detected.The proportion of essential amino acids(EAA),ratio of essential amino acids to WHO/FAO model spectral values(RAA),amino acid ratio coefficient(RC) and amino acid ratio coefficient evaluation score(SRC) were evaluated.Soil organic matter was detected and the economic benefits were calculated.The fresh protein,fat,carbohydrate,potassium and phosphorus were 2.93%(36.63% for dry),0.3%,3.8%,3.05×10^(3) mg/kg,and 1.05×10^(3) mg/kg,respectively.The cultivated mushroom contained 17 kinds of hydrolyzed amino acids,of which essential amino acids accounted for 32%,glutamate content was the highest,and branch chain amino acids accounted for 15.13%.RAA values of six essential amino acids were close to those of WHO/FAO model,and SRC values were 64.Twenty kinds of free amino acids were detected,and sweet and umami amino acids accounted for 44.43%.Glutamic acid was the main umami amino acid.Soil organic matter content increased by 20.33% after fungus residue was returned to the field.Straw mushroom cultivation earnings are eight times that of rice.The pure straw substrate cultivation of Volvariella volvacea has many benefits,such as rich in nutrition,good economic benefit,and improving soil organic matter content by fungus residue,so it is suitable for application in main rice producing areas in south China.