14种高山杜鹃夏季生长量的比较研究

Comparative Study on the Growth of 14 Rhododendron spp.in Summer

为进一步加强高山杜鹃耐热新品种的引种驯化工作,筛选适合四川盆地种植应用的高山杜鹃,对引进的14个高山杜鹃新品种的整株生长指标(冠幅、株高、地径)、枝条生长指标(最长分枝长度、单枝粗度、最长枝叶片数)、叶片生长指标(叶长、叶宽、叶片厚度)和夏稍长度进行比较研究。结果表明,14个新品种的适应性生长表现不一,其中‘薰衣草王子’的冠幅增幅和株高增幅最大,为8.40%和27.79%;‘草莓圣代’的地径增加最大,为20.04%;‘阿特拉斯’的最长分枝长度增幅最大,为11.13%;‘藤井夫人’的单枝粗度增幅、叶长增幅和叶宽增幅最大,为15.48%、17.66%和18.48%;‘紫色彩虹’的最长枝叶片数增幅、叶片厚度增幅和夏梢长度最大,为43.36%、5.98%和5.98 cm。主成分分析得到4个因子,累积方差贡献率达到84.560%,‘草莓圣代’的综合评价得分最高。综合来看,得分在Ⅱ级及以上的‘草莓圣代’、‘珍珠姬’、‘甜心’、‘阿特拉斯’、‘藤井夫人’、‘紫色彩虹’比较适合夏季在四川盆地疏林(半遮阴)条件生长。

In order to further improve the introduction and cultivation of Rhododendron,and select suitable varieties for planting in Sichuan basin,growth index of the whole plant(crown width,plant height,ground diameter),branches(longest branch length,single branch thickness,the number of leaf at the longest branch),leaf(leaf length,leaf width,leaf thickness),and summer branches length of 14 introduced new varieties of Rhododendron were evaluated in this comparative study.The results showed that the adaptive growth performances of 14 varieties were different,the crown width and plant height of‘Prince Lavender'increased the most,which were 8.40% and 27.79% respectively;the ground diameter of‘Strawberry Sundae'increased the most by 20.04%;the longest branch length of‘Atlas' increased the most by 11.13%;the single branch thickness,leaf length and leaf width of‘Mrs.Fujiichi'increased the most,which were 15.48%,17.66% and18.48% respectively;the number of leaf at the longest branch,leaf thickness and summer branches of‘Purple Rainbow'increased the most,which were 43.36% 、5.98% and 5.98 cm respectively.Four factors were obtained from principal component analysis,and the cumulative variance contribution rate reached 84.560%,the comprehensive scores of‘Strawberry Sundae'was relatively high.Collectively,varieties with scores of grade II and above are more suitable for summer growth under sparse forest(semi shading) conditions in Sichuan basin,such as‘Strawberry Sundae',‘Princess Pearl',‘Sweetheart',‘Atlas',‘Mrs.Fujiichi',and‘Purple Rainbow'.