四川茶区遮荫栽培对绿茶产量及制茶品质的综合影响

Study on Comprehensive Effects of Shading Cultivation on Yield and Quality of Green Tea in Sichuan Tea Area

针对四川独特的地理、气候条件,在四川茶区设计并实施遮荫栽培试验,考察茶树物候期、生长量、鲜叶理化性质等指标,研究遮荫栽培对绿茶产量和制茶品质的影响。结果表明,在四川茶区进行遮荫栽培可有效缩短茶树新梢生育期,‘福鼎大白茶’平均缩短7 d,‘三花1951’平均缩短3 d,这有利于增加早春茶鲜叶的采摘轮次,进而增加产量。遮荫处理降低了新梢生长长度,有利于部分茶叶产品的做形;‘福鼎大白茶’在一芽二叶期遮荫,新梢长度缩短26.62%,在一芽三叶期遮荫,新梢长度缩短23.36%;‘三花1951’在一芽三叶期遮荫,新梢长度缩短31.32%。遮荫有利于茶树游离氨基酸积累,遮荫栽培‘福鼎大白茶’游离氨基酸含量极显著高于不遮荫,遮荫栽培‘三花1951’游离氨基酸含量显著高于不遮荫。遮荫有利于茶树简单儿茶素的积累,‘福鼎大白茶’、‘三花1951’在遮蔽栽培后,苦涩味指数下降17.99%、12.27%,对于春末绿茶出现“鲜爽”感官品质具有重要贡献。综合认为,四川茶区开展遮荫栽培可增加春茶采收轮次,且增加茶叶滋味品质,有利于提升茶园综合产值。

Shading cultivation was designed and implemented in this research to study the effects of shading cultivation on the yield and its impact on quality of green tea in Sichuan tea area according to the unique geographical and climatic conditions of Sichuan.The study shows that shading cultivation in Sichuan tea area can effectively shorten the growth period of new shoots of tea trees.‘Fudingdabai'was shortened by 7 days on average and‘Sanhua 1951'was shortened by 3 days on average,which was conducive to increasing the picking rounds of fresh leaves in early spring and then increasing the yield.Shading treatment reduces the growth length of new shoots,which is conducive to the shaping of some tea products.‘Fudingdabai'was shaded in one bud and two leaves stage,and the length of new shoots was shortened by 26.62%.In one bud and three leaves stage,the length of new shoots was shortened by 23.36%.‘Sanhua 1951'was shaded in one bud and three leaves stage,and the length of new shoots was shortened by 31.32%.Shading is beneficial to the accumulation of free amino acids in tea plants.The content of free amino acids in‘Fudingdabai'under shading cultivation was significantly higher than that without shading,and the content of free amino acids in‘Sanhua 1951'under shading cultivation was significantly higher than that without shading.Shading is conducive to the accumulation of simple catechins in tea plants.After shading cultivation,the catechin astringent index of‘Fudingdabai'and‘Sanhua 1951'decreased by 17.99%and 12.27%,which had an important contribution to the‘fresh'sensory quality of green tea at the end of spring.It is generally believed that shading cultivation in Sichuan tea area can increase the harvest rounds of spring tea and quality of end spring tea,which is beneficial to improving the comprehensive output value of tea garden.