审视与反思:马克思无产阶级理论的两种当代解读

Examination and Reflection:Two Contemporary Interpretations of Marx’s Proletarian Theory

结合工人阶级的时代变化重新解读马克思无产阶级理论,已经成为当代西方理论家们思考的一个重要现实问题。哈特、奈格里从现实的工人运动出发,依托《大纲》重构马克思的政治形象,为新的革命主体生成提供了理论依据。雷蒙·阿隆立足于实证主义方法论,解构了无产阶级阶级概念的合法性,将马克思的无产阶级理论导向神话。虽然他们的分析部分切中了工人阶级的新变化,但是都存在一定的缺陷。在马克思的理论语境中,无产阶级是现实性与建构性的统一,是一个动态、复杂且尚未闭合的一个概念。只有在马克思追寻人类解放的整体脉络中,才能深刻理解马克思无产阶级理论的真实意涵。

It has become an important practical issue for contemporary Western theorists to reinterpret Marx’s proletarian theory combining the changing of the working class.From the perspective of labor movement,Hart and Negri reconstruct Marx’s political image to provide the theoretical basis for the new revolutionary subject relied on Grundrisse.Based on the positivist methodology,Raymond Aron deconstructs the legitimacy of proletariat class,which leads Marx’s theory to myth.Although their analysis partly hits the new changes of working class,they all have flaws.In Marx’s theory,proletariat is the unity of reality and construction,a concept filled with dynamic,complexity and openness.Only in the overall context of Marx’s pursuit of human liberation,can we deeply understand the true meaning of Marx’s proletarian theory.