法学第三立场:蔡枢衡与中国近代法制“殖民地性”的认知

The Third Position of Chinese Jurisprudence: Cai Shuheng and His Cognition to Colonization of Legal System in Modern China

在民国法学家蔡枢衡先生的论述中,“殖民地性”成为描述中国近代法制的关键词,也是中国近代法制性质的一个面相。在蔡枢衡看来,法制的“殖民地性”决定于中国近代社会的属性。在去殖民化的社会思潮中,法制的“殖民地性”变得更加明显,中国近代法制变革的目标也更加明确。在这一过程中,“唯新是从”的法制变革模式引起“中国法学的贫困”,法律认知上的形式主义使得法律形式与法律内容严格区分开来,由此,作为社会事实的法制发展出现了“断裂”。循着蔡枢衡对于中国近代法制“殖民地性”的解释脉络,厘清蔡枢衡意义上“沈派”与“反沈派”的历史社会处境,明确蔡枢衡“法学第三立场”的世界观、法律观和方法论,为当下的法学本土化路径之探索提供启发。

In the jurist of the Republic of China Cai Shuheng’s argument,colonization becomes a key word in describing legal system of Chinese modern time as well as one of the faces of the nature of modern Chinese legal system.Colonization of the legal system of China was decided by the nature of modern China.In the social ethos of de-colonization,colonization in legal system became more distinct and the goal of transforming legal system of modern China became clearer.In process of pursuing transformation,“the newest is the best”mode of legal reform caused the poverty of modern Chinese jurisprudence.Formalism in legal cognition strictly distinguished legal forms and legal contents.Therefore the development of legal system as the social fact has exprienced a fracture.Follow the explanations of Cai Shuheng’s explanation for colonization of the legal system in modern China,historical social situation of“the Shen faction”and“the anti-Shen faction”in Cai’s opinion could be clarified,world view,law view and methodology of Cai’s third position of Chinese jurisprudence could be cleared,which could offer enlightenment for the exploration of the present localization of Chinese jurisprudence.