中国反贫困从消除绝对贫困向缩减相对贫困转向的三重逻辑

The Inevitable Logic of China’ s Transition from Absolute Poverty Eradication to Relative Poverty Governance

绝对贫困与相对贫困都是对贫困概念的定义,两者之间既存在相似性又有明显差异。相较于绝对贫困的收入和生存考虑,相对贫困更看重贫困中存在的能力缺失、权利的剥夺。了解消除绝对贫困到缩减相对贫困的三重逻辑,有助于梳理反贫困政策的变化,摄取绝对贫困时期治理的经验,把握未来反贫困的重点。中国反贫困经历了消除绝对贫困的“保活”“补助式”到“扶持式”“精准扶贫”政策的过程。结合马斯洛需求理论、阿马蒂亚森能力中心论以及马克思主义的指导,深入剖析致贫原因,延续理论指导框架。在取得消除绝对贫困的历史性成果之后,相对贫困的问题逐渐严峻。未来反贫困工作需要在消除绝对贫困的基础上,摄取反贫困的历史经验,创新反贫困理论,指导缩减相对贫困实践。将相对贫困治理与乡村振兴相结合,逐步缩减全国地区、城乡间的相对贫困,逐步实现共同富裕。

Absolute poverty and relative poverty are definitions of the concept of poverty,and there are both similarities and clear differences between the two.Compared with the income and survival considerations of absolute poverty,relative poverty pays more attention to the lack of ability and deprivation of rights in poverty.Understanding the threefold logic of eliminating absolute poverty and reducing relative poverty will help sort out the changes in anti-poverty policies,absorb the experience of governance during the period of absolute poverty,and grasp the key points of anti-poverty in the future.China’s anti-poverty has gone through the process of“preservation”and“subsidy”to“support”and“touch”policies to eliminate absolute poverty.Combined with Maslow’s demand theory,Amartyasen’s ability center theory and the guidance of Marxism,this paper deeply analyzed the causes of poverty and continues the theoretical guidance framework.After the historic achievement of eradicating absolute poverty,the problem of relative poverty had gradually become serious.In the fu-ture, anti-poverty work needs to absorb the historical experience of anti-poverty on the basis of elim-inating absolute poverty, innovate anti-poverty theory, and guide the practice of reducing relative poverty. Combine the control of relative poverty with the control of relative poverty, gradually reduce the relative poverty between regions and urban and rural areas across the country, and gradually achieve common prosperity.