云南哀牢山国家级自然保护区蚂蚁物种分布格局研究

Distribution Patterns of Ant Species from Ailao Mountain National Nature Reserve,Yunnan Province

【目的】全面揭示哀牢山国家级自然保护区蚂蚁物种的多样性。【方法】采用样地调查法对该保护区的蚂蚁物种分布格局进行调查。【结果】8个垂直带的58块样地共采集蚂蚁10亚科61属209种。水平分布上,西坡的蚂蚁物种数高于东坡(171 vs 145),西坡特有种64种,东坡特有种38种,东、西坡共有种107种;垂直分布上,东、西坡的蚂蚁物种数均与海拔负相关(西坡R^(2)=0.65,东坡R^(2)=0.63);10类不同生境中,中低海拔的针阔混交林和季风常绿阔叶林中栖息的蚂蚁物种较为丰富(分别为127和104种),高海拔的苔藓矮林中蚂蚁物种最贫乏(3种);觅食和筑巢分析中,土壤为蚂蚁最喜欢的觅食和筑巢场所,其次为地表,最后为植物上。【结论】哀牢山国家级自然保护区资源丰富,植被保护整体良好,孕育着丰富的蚂蚁物种。低海拔的人为干扰对蚂蚁物种有不利影响。多数(超过70%)蚂蚁物种的水平分布、垂直分布和栖息生境都十分有限,生态位极其狭窄,具有极高的保护价值。

[Purpose]To reveal the ant species diversity in Ailao Mountain National Nature Reserve.[Method]The distribution patterns of ant species from this nature reserve were studied by plot-sampling method.[Results]A total of 209 species,belonging 61 genera and 10 subfamilies were collected from 58 plots in eight vertical zones.Horizontally,the number of ant species on the west slope was higher than that on the east slope(171 vs 145).There were 64 species endemic to the west slope and 38 species endemic to the east slope,with 107 species in both.Vertically,there was a negative correlation between ant species number and altitude on both the east and west slopes(R^(2)=0.65 on the west slope,R^(2)=0.63 on the east slope).Among the 10 different habitats,ant species were more abundant in conifer-broadleaf mixed forest and monsoon evergreen broadleaf forest at middle and low altitudes(with 127 and 104 species,respectively),while ant species were the poorest in moss dwarf forest at high altitude(three species).In the analysis of foraging and nesting,soil was the favorite foraging and nesting sites for ants,followed by the ground and plants.[Conclusion]Ailao Mountain National Nature Reserve is rich in resources,and the vegetation is well protected on the whole,which possessed abundant ant species.Human disturbance at low altitude has adverse effects on ant species.In addition,most ant species(more than 70%)have very limited horizontal distribu-tion,vertical distribution and habitat,and their ecological niche is extremely narrow,which has high conservation value.