西南地区少数民族语水系地名结构类型探析

On the Structure Types of Place Names of Water System in Ethnic Minority Languages in Southwest China

水系地名指的是自然地理实体名中的一类,主要是地表系统中以江、河、水、湖、泉、溪、港、潭、湾等水文类自然地理实体命名的地名,本研究所指“水系地名”主要是江河之名。基于第一次全国水利普查成果中河流湖泊基本情况,取西南地区四个省级行政区(云南省、四川省、贵州省、重庆市)内流域面积达到50km2及以上,共计6480条河流名录作为基础数据,通过统计法、语言对比法对数据进行定量研究,从共时角度对西南地区少数民族语水系地名结构类型展开分析,并得出其地名结构形式大致可分为“齐头式”“齐尾式”“混合式”和“附加式”四种,且同一语族内的地名结构类同的结论。

“Place names of the water system”mean a category of natural geographic entity names,mainly named after rivers,lakes,springs,streams,harbors,ponds,and bays in the surface water system,and mainly refer to the names of rivers in this article.Based on the basic situation of rivers and lakes in the first national water conservancy census,a total of 6480 river directories,which have a drainage area of 50km2 or more,were selected from four provincial-level administrative regions in southwestern China(Yunnan Province,Sichuan Province,Guizhou Province,and Chongqing City)as the basic data.By statistical and language comparison methods,the data and the structural types of place names in this area were analyzed from a synchronic perspective in a quantitative way.And the result shows that the structural forms of these place names can be roughly divided into four types:"flush head style,""flush tail style","mixed style"and"additional style"and the place names ofwater systemin the same language family are similar.