空间方向关系表达与推理模型研究综述

Survey of Research on Representation and Reasoning Models of Spatial Directional Relations

空间方向关系作为空间关系不可缺少的组成部分,广泛应用于城市智能交通管控、环境资源检测、防灾减灾等诸多任务,日益成为地理信息系统、空间数据库、人工智能、模式识别等领域研究的热点。综合分析和梳理现有空间方向关系表达与推理模型,针对二维空间对象,从单目标对象、群组目标对象等方面详细介绍目前二维空间方向关系表达与推理模型的研究进展,依据描述对象的不同进行分类,对每类模型的特性及适用范围进行定性分析比较。针对三维空间对象,从点到区域依次分析当前三维空间方向关系表达与推理模型的特点、优势和不足。针对不确定性对象,从确定性空间方向关系模型的扩展模型、基于不确定性集合理论模型2个方面阐述不确定性方向关系模型的研究现状,并对每类模型的优缺点、适用范围等进行分析总结。最后阐明当前工作存在的不足,并从自动推理技术、空间关系的联合表达以及群组目标对象等方面对空间方向关系的未来研究方向进行展望。

As indispensable components of spatial relations,spatial directional relations are widely used in many fields such as urban intelligent traffic control,environmental resource detection,and disaster prevention and reduction.Spatial directional relations represent a significant and challenging issue in fields such as geographic information systems,spatial database,artificial intelligence,and pattern recognition.This study conducts a comprehensive analysis and comparison of existing spatial directional relationship expression and inference models.First,the research progress on current models for directional relations between objects in two-dimensional space are introduced in detail in terms of single and group target objects.In addition,the characteristics,advantages,and disadvantages of the current models for directional relations in three-dimensional space are analyzed from point to block.The study expounds the current research status of models that use uncertainty directional relations from the two aspects of extended models based on those that use precision objects for directional relations and models based on uncertainty set theory for uncertain objects.The study then discusses the advantages,drawbacks,and applicable fields for each type of model.Finally,the shortcomings of current research are explained,and the future research directions of spatial orientation relations are prospected in terms of automatic reasoning technology,joint representation of spatial relations,and group target objects.