《满文原档》语言文字价值研究

On The Valuable Data of The Manuscripts of Manchu Files(Manwen Yuan Dang)

《满文原档》是清入关前后以满文书写纪录的政务簿册,除了老满文、过渡时期满文及新满文以外,《满文原档》部分档簿以蒙古文或满汉合璧形式书写,这不仅为新老满文的字母符号与书写规则,以及满文发展完善历程研究提供可靠的资料,而且为清早期多民族语言接触与文化交往交流交融研究提供新的视角。《满文原档》之满语以口语形式为主,并未经过文人修改,在语音、形态、词汇等方面与清中后期满语相差较大,可真实反映满族入关前后的早期满语状况。

The Manuscripts of Manchu Files(tonggi fuka aku hergen i dangse in Latin,‘满文原档'in Chinese character,‘Manwen Yuan Dang'in Chinese pinyin)refers to the volume of government documents before and after the Qing Dynasty making Beijing its capital,which is edited in the old,transitional,new scripts of Manchu language with some texts in Mongolian or Manchu-Chinese scripts.This book of archival manuscript offers reliable materials useful for the study of alphabetic symbols and writing rules of old and new Manchu scripts,the development and improvement of Manchu language;meanwhile,it makes a more access to the intercourse among many ethnic languages,cultural exchanges and integration in the early Qing Dynasty from a more angle.Quite different from the mid-late Qing-dynasty Manchu language in phonetics,morphology and vocabulary,the texts are mainly completed with colloquial expressions without literati's touches or modification,yet they truly present the uses and usage of earlier Manchu language in script and other linguistic elements before and after the Manchu people crossing the Pass into the mainland.