口腔“四合一”X射线摄影设备放射防护评价探讨

Discussion on the evaluation of radiation protection of“four-in-one”dental X-ray equipment

目的通过测量口腔“四合一”X射线设备运行时受检者位置处散射线剂量水平,调查该设备安全联锁设置情况,探讨口腔“四合一”设备的放射防护评价问题。方法利用口腔CBCT性能模体模拟受检者头部,在5 m2机房内分别安装“四合一”X射线设备的口内摄影组件、口外摄影组件,使用X、γ巡测仪对受检者位置处的散射线剂量进行测试,比较口内、口外摄影组件所带来的散射线剂量影响。结果对于5 m^(2)机房,CBCT常用条件曝光时,有口内摄影组件时受检者位置处剂量为10.70 uSv/h,无口内摄影组件时为10.60 uSv/h,口内摄影组件的存在对于受检者位置剂量无影响;口内摄影组件曝光时,受检者位置处剂量为4.05~6.85 uSv/h,口外摄影组件的存在对于接受口内机检查的受检者散射剂量无影响。结论对于新设备的放射防护评价需要综合考虑辐射安全和设备运行安全,本研究结果为口腔“四合一”X射线摄影设备的临床放射防护监管和评价提供建议。

Objective To evaluate the radiation protection of“four-in-one”dental X-ray equipment and to investigate the safety interlock of the equipment by measuring the scattered radiation at the position of the patient during operation.Methods A cone-beam CT dental phantom was used to simulate the patient’s head.The intra-oral and extra-oral components of the“four-in-one”X-ray equipment were installed in a 5 m2 room.The scattered radiation at patient position was measured using aγ/X-ray survey meter,and the effects of intra-oral and extra-oral components were compared.Results For a 5 m^(2) room,when CBCT was exposed under typical conditions,the dose at the patient's position was 10.70 uSv/h when there was an intra-oral component and 10.60 uSv/h when there was no intraoral component.The intra-oral part did not affect the radiation dose at the patient's position.When the intra-oral component was exposed,the dose rate at the patient's position was 4.05-6.85 uSv/h,and the extra-oral part did not affect the scattered dose of the patient examined with intra-oral components.Conclusion The evaluation of radiation protection of new equipment must comprehensively consider radiation safety and equipment operation safety.The results of this study provide suggestions for clinical radiation protection supervision and evaluation of“four-in-one”dental X-ray equipment.