雄安新区传统聚落的水适应性空间格局研究

Research on the Spatial Pattern of Water Adaptability of Traditional Settlements in Xiong'an New Area

为探究传统聚落空间格局的水适应性,本研究以白洋淀周边风貌肌理保留状况良好的20个传统聚落作为分析对象。研究发现,在堤堰修筑、渔苇生产和内河航运的长期作用下,雄安新区传统聚落的空间格局在水陆关系、聚落形态、空间单元上均体现出明显的水适应性。(1)传统聚落与防洪堤堰呈现融合共生的水陆关系,池沼和沟渠构成了聚落内部的排涝体系,沟渠分为联通式和尽端式两种。(2)聚落形态多呈带状或指状以适应白洋淀堤堰工程和内河航运需求,聚落外部轮廓和内部肌理深受洼淀环境和商品贸易的共同影响。(3)聚落、淀泊、苇田、农田、沟壕的圈层式分布构成了白洋淀周边传统聚落的基本空间单元,也反映了男渔(耕)女织的传统性别分工。芦苇台田奠定了本地区传统院落和建筑的形态尺寸。

To investigate the water adaptation of spatial patterns in traditional settlements,this study analyzed 20 well-preserved settlements around Baiyangdian Lake.The results revealed that traditional settlements in Xiong'an New Area demonstrated significant water adaptability in terms of water-land relationship,settlement morphology,and spatial units,influenced by the long-term effects of dike and weir construction,fishing and reed production,and inland river navigation.Initially,the traditional settlements established a mutual water-land relationship with flod control dikes and weirs.Internal drainage systems comprised ponds and ditches,which were categorized into interconnected and endless types.Additionally,the settlement pattern mainly adopted a ribbon-like or finger-like shape to accommodate the Baiyangdian dike project and inland river navigation.Both the puddling environment and commercial trade played a role in shaping the external contours and internal texture of the settlements.Moreover,the fundamental spatial unit of traditional settlements around Baiyangdian Lake consisted of settlements,deposits,reedbeds,farmland,and ditches.This spatial distribution reflected the traditional gender division of labor,with men primarily engaging in fishing or farming activities and women specializing in weaving.Furthermore,the presence of reed terraces influenced the morphological dimensions of traditional courtyards and buildings in the area.In conclusion,this research highlights the water adaptability of traditional settlements in Xiong'an New Area,considering factors such as the water-land relationship,settlement morphology,and spatial units.