SiO_(2)气凝胶的制备、改性及其重金属离子吸附性能的研究进展

Research progress in SiO_(2)aerogel preparation,modification and adsorption performance of heavy metal ions

废水中重金属离子污染对人类健康造成了严重危害,吸附法因其高效经济、选择性好等优势备受关注。SiO_(2)气凝胶具有高比表面积(>500m^(2)/g)、高孔隙率(>80%)、可控的表面基团及稳定的物理化学性质等特点,是一种具有潜力的重金属离子吸附剂。本文首先简述了SiO_(2)气凝胶的制备及其对微观结构的影响研究进展,重点综述了SiO_(2)气凝胶官能化方法及其吸附废水中重金属离子的吸附性能和影响因素,并分析了其吸附机理和吸附动力学过程,指出了实现SiO_(2)气凝胶低成本短流程的可控制备、有效官能化及高效吸附多种重金属离子是未来的发展方向。

The pollution of heavy metal ions in wastewater has caused serious harm to human health,and the adsorption method has attracted much attention because of its high efficiency,economy,simplicity,and good selectivity.SiO_(2)aerogel is a potential adsorbent for removal of heavy metal ions in wastewater due to its high specific surface area(>500 m2/g),high porosity(>80%),controllable surface group and good physical/chemical stability.Herein,the preparation methods of SiO_(2)aerogel and its effect on microstructure were briefly introduced,focusing on the functionalization methods of SiO_(2)aerogel and the adsorption performance and factors of functionalized SiO_(2)aerogel for the adsorption of heavy metal ions in wastewater,and the adsorption mechanism and adsorption kinetics process of functionalized SiO_(2)aerogel as heavy metal ions adsorbent were analyzed.It was pointed out that the controllable preparation with low cost and short process,effective functionalization and efficient adsorption of various heavy metal ions are the future development directions of SiO_(2)aerogels as absorbent.