骨科植入物无机抗菌涂层的研究现状

Research status of inorganic antibacterial coatings for orthopedic implants

植入物感染是骨科最常见和最严重的并发症之一,也是导致植入手术失败的重要原因。当细菌在植入物表面形成生物膜后会极难消除,并吸附更多的细菌和真菌。大量研究表明,通过采用表面改性技术可有效减少致病菌的黏附和聚积,进而预防植入物周围感染。本文首先分析了细菌生物膜在骨科植入物表面的形成过程以及金属抗菌剂的抗菌机制。然后综述了目前国内外使用最广泛的一些金属基无机抗菌涂层及其相关的制备工艺,讨论了这些涂层在应用中存在的问题和改善方法,并展望了未来无机抗菌涂层的发展方向,包括协同抗菌型涂层和促成骨型抗菌涂层等。

Implant infection is one of the most common and serious complications in orthopedics,and it is also an important reason for the failure of implant surgery.When bacteria form a biofilm on the implant surface,it is extremely difficult to be eliminated and attracts more bacteria and fungi.A large number of studies have shown that the use of surface modification technology can effectively reduce the adhesion and accumulation of pathogenic bacteria,thereby preventing peri-implant infection.The formation process of bacterial biofilm on the surface of orthopedic implants and the antibacterial mechanism of metal antibacterial agents were first analyzed.Then,some of the most widely used metal-based inorganic antibacterial coatings at home and abroad and their related preparation processes were reviewed,the problems and improvement methods in the application of these coatings were also discussed,and the development direction of inorganic antibacterial coatings in the future was prospected,such as synergistic antibacterial coatings and bone-promoting antibacterial coatings.