家族身份维持、正式组织制度与泛家族化管理

Family identity maintenance,formal organization system,and pan-family management

职业经理人泛家族化管理是我国家族企业实现治理转型的关键。本文基于组织身份理论认为泛家族化在某种程度上会导致家族身份泛化和家族成员对家族身份控制的冲突和矛盾,通过全国私营企业抽样调查数据实证结果表明:企业主家族主义观念较强、家族股东涉入程度较高以及具有传承意愿的家族企业具有较强家族身份控制需求,导致在经营上表现较低的泛家族化管理。进一步研究发现正式组织制度有利于提高泛家族化程度,同时正式组织制度的完善也减弱了核心家族身份维持、企业所有权家族身份的控制与延续对泛家族化的负向效应。研究结果厘清了家族企业中阻碍实现职业经理人泛家族化管理的家族身份因素,揭示了家族身份色彩越浓厚,其越难以打破原有家族边界进行泛家族化管理,对我国家族企业制定治理转型决策具有一定的参考价值。

At present,family businesses face the challenge of governance transformation.Due to the Chinese unique“family culture”and the imperfect market of professional managers,the pan-family management of professional managers has become the key to the transformation of the family business in China.However,the existing pan-family management of family businesses doesn′t seem to have been implemented effectively and has stimulated contradictions,such as competition for control.Several family businesses tried to implement the pan-family management but only got unsatisfactory outcomes.The reasons for the such phenomenon haven′t been explored clearly.Apparently,there is still a gap in the research on the pan-family management of professional managers.In response to the current research status,it is necessary to study the factors that influence the pan-family management of professional managers.This study aims to explore the relationship between family identity and pan-family management.Meanwhile,this study also tries to find out the reasons for recent unsuccessful cases of pan-family management.From the perspective of family identity,it can be seen that pan-family management may be contrary to the“family”cultural concept of the family business.Based on the perspective of organizational identity,this study suggests that pan-family management may lead to conflicts and contradictions between the generalization of family identity and family members′demand for family identity control.The study uses the data from the National Private Enterprise Sample Survey 2010(Ninth)to explore the impact of the maintenance of core-family identity and the maintenance and continuation of family ownership identity on the pan-family of professional managers.Besides,this study also explored the impact of formal organizational systems on pan-family and their role in regulating family identity on pan-family.Thus,this paper proposes six hypotheses to be tested:H1:The stronger the family intention of the business owner,the more challenging to implement pan-family management;H2a:The degree of involvement of family shareholders harms pan-family management;H2b:The willingness of family inheritance harms pan-family management;H3:The improvement of the formal organizational system has a positive effect on pan-family management;H4a:The improvement of formal organizational system will weaken the negative effect of maintenance of the core family identity on pan-family management;H4b:The improvement of formal organizational system will weaken the negative effect of the maintenance and continuation of family ownership identity on pan-family management.The method of this study is the OLS Hierarchy Regression.Empirical results show that the strong family intention of the business owner,the degree of involvement of family shareholders,and the willingness of family inheritance are not conducive to the pan-family of professional managers,which indicates that the maintenance of the core family identity and the maintenance and continuation of the family ownership identity might go against the pan-family of professional managers.The results also show that the formal organization system plays an essential role in the realization of pan-family transformation.The formal organization system is conducive to improving the degree of pan-family.Meanwhile,the perfection of the formal system also weakens the negative influences of the maintenance of the core family identity and the maintenance and continuation of the family ownership identity on pan-family management.This study offers three theoretical contributions to pan-family and family business research literature.Firstly,from the perspective of organizational identity,this paper explains why the pan-family management of the family business is challenging to implement and clarifies the family identity factors in family businesses that hinder professional managers from pan-family management.The more attention family business pays to family identity,the more difficult it is to break the original family boundaries for pan-family.In addition,this paper deepens the understanding of how family business introduces professional managers to realize effective governance transformation.Meanwhile,this paper expands the logical relationship between family management and professional management in the family business.It shows that the perfection of the formal system is conducive to pan-family management;thus,the family relational culture and management professionalization may have a symbiotic relationship.Finally,the results of this study also have certain reference value for family businesses to make governance transformation decisions.