矿物浮选中常见黏土类脉石抑制剂研究进展

Review on the Research Progress of Regulators Towards Clay Mineral Flotation

黏土矿物主要是各种层状硅酸盐,由于硬度小,在矿物浮选体系一般以微细粒形式存在,往往会严重影响目的矿物的浮选,因而开发黏土矿物浮选抑制剂越来越重要。综述了目前浮选体系中常见的黏土矿物晶体结构特性,并分类总结了常见的层状镁铝硅酸盐及已报道的浮选抑制剂类型和作用机制。抑制剂类型可分为以水玻璃、磷酸盐为代表的无机抑制剂;以有机酸为代表的有机小分子抑制剂;以多糖为代表的有机高分子抑制剂,它们在结构上多具有磷酸根、磺酸根、羟基、羧基等作用基团,主要调节黏土矿物、目的矿物及气泡之间的疏水作用和静电作用。指出各种黏土矿物影响目的矿物浮选的机理并利用抑制剂消除该影响机制,以及该过程中抑制剂的构效关系,是该领域未来的研究重点和药剂设计方向。

Clay minerals are mainly various layered silicates,which generally exist in the mineral flotation system in the form of fine particles due to their small hardness,and often seriously affect the flotation of the target minerals,thus it is increasingly important to develop clay mineral flotation inhibitors.The crystal structure properties of common clay minerals in flotation systems are reviewed,and the types and mechanisms of action of common layered magnesium or aluminum silicates and reported flotation inhibitors are classified and summarized.Inhibitors can be divided into inorganic inhibitors represented by water glass,phosphate;organic small molecule inhibitors represented by organic acids;organic polymer inhibitors represented by polysaccharides,which are mostly structurally characterized by phosphate,sulfonate,hydroxyl,carboxyl,and other action groups,and mainly regulate hydrophobicity and electrostatic interactions between the clay minerals,the target minerals,and the bubbles.Pointing out that it is a future research focus and agent design direction in this field to clarify the mechanism of various clay minerals affecting the flotation of target minerals and use inhibitors to eliminate this influence mechanism,as well as the structure-effect relationship of inhibitors in this process.