方解石与萤石同质转化及浮选分离机理研究

Study on the Effects of Homogeneous Transformation of Calcite/Fluorite and Flotation Separation Mechanisms

碳酸盐-萤石型矿物是萤石矿产资源最主要的赋存形式之一,其中与萤石具有相似晶体结构的方解石往往作为主要脉石矿物,二者在浮选体系中具有相近的表面化学性质,难以有效分离。通过对阴离子预处理后的矿样进行浮选试验,探讨萤石及方解石阴离子对浮选行为的影响,基于溶液化学计算、分子动力学计算、接触角及吸附量分析,结果表明:方解石表面生成了萤石,萤石表面生成了方解石,两种矿物存在同质转化效应,揭示了方解石与萤石浮选分离困难的原因。此外,在方解石与萤石共存的浮选体系下,F^(-)对方解石表面的药剂吸附具有促进作用,CO_(3)^(2-)-对萤石表面的药剂吸附具有抑制作用。研究结果为含钙矿物的高效浮选分离提供了科学依据。

Carbonate-fluorite type minerals are one of the main occurrence forms of fluorite mineral resources,in which calcite with similar crystal structure to fluorite often acts as the main vein mineral.These two minerals have similar surface chemical properties during flotation,resulting in a difficult separation for them.Fluorite and calcite treated with anionic reagents were floated to explore the influence of anions on the flotation separation behavior.Based on solution chemistry calculations,molecular dynamics calculations,contact angle and adsorption analyses,the results showed:calcite was found on fluorite surface while fluorite was observed on calcite surface.This showed the homogeneous transformation occurred between calcite and fluorite,revealing the reason for the difficult separation of fluorite and calcite.Besides,the presence of F^(-)ions enhanced the adsorption of collectors on calcite surface but CO_(3)^(2-) ions reduced the adsorption of collectors on fluorite.