全国统一大市场下的金融科技创新与监管体系重构

Financial Technology Innovation and Regulatory System Reconstruction under the Unified National Market

党的二十大报告明确指出:“加强和完善现代金融监管,强化金融稳定保障体系。”金融服务行业基本上延续两条创新发展路径:金融需求与科技深化,且历经了传统金融、互联网金融与金融科技阶段。当前,金融科技深度嵌入金融服务行业,并通过市场与政府资源配置形成了“双重法则”,即金融科技通过市场化创新可以实现资源的优化配置,但是金融科技创新发展同样给我国统一大市场的金融监管体系带来了挑战,亟待通过政府配置实施金融监管,因为金融科技“混业性”与金融监管“分业性”存在发展冲突,金融科技“去中心化”与金融监管“趋中心化”存有逻辑分野,金融科技“风险复杂化”与金融监管“目标分散化”具有现实矛盾。因此,通过重点比较中外金融科技创新发展与监管体系的异同,重构我国统一金融科技大市场的监管体系:变革金融监管理念,对金融科技实施统一监管;创新金融监管工具,稳步推进“监管沙盒”建设;调整金融监管目标,防范金融风险并保护消费者权益。

The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly states that:“strengthening and improving modern financial regulation,and strengthening the financial stability guarantee sys⁃tem”.The financial services industry basically continues two innovative development paths:Financial demand and technological deepening,it has gone through traditional finance,internet finance,and financial technology stages.At present,financial technology is deeply embedded in the financial services industry and has formed a“dual law”through market and government resource allocation,that is,financial technology can achieve optimal resource allo⁃cation through market-oriented innovation,but the innovative development of financial technology also poses chal⁃lenges to the financial regulatory system of a unified national market in China,and it is urgent to implement finan⁃cial regulation through government allocation because there is a development conflict between the“mixed nature”of financial technology and the“separate nature”of financial regulation,there is a logical divide between the“de⁃centralization”of financial technology and the“centralization”of financial regulation,and there is a practical con⁃tradiction between the“risk complexity”of financial technology and the“multiple objectives”of financial regula⁃tion.Therefore,by focusing on the comparison of the similarities and differences between Chinese and foreign fi⁃nancial technology innovative development and regulatory systems,the regulatory system of China’s unified finan⁃cial technology market can be reconstructed:Transforming the concept of financial regulation and implementing unified regulation on financial technology;Innovating financial regulatory tools and steadily promoting the con⁃struction of“regulatory sandbox”;Adjusting financial regulatory objectives to prevent financial risks and protect consumers’rights.