共同富裕的思想史及其展开

The History of the Thought of Common Prosperity and Its Development

共同富裕是全人类的共同价值追求,也是中国特色社会主义与中国式现代化的本质要求。人类自古以来就在发展经济、改善民生、防止贫富分化的实践中,积极探索实现共同富裕的可能性。从经济史的发展角度看,先秦思想家主张建设一个“大同”社会,并按照“维齐非齐”的办法实现“明分”;两汉时期思想家主张采取“善因之”的不予干涉态度抑制贫富分化;唐宋思想家在“义利之辨”的影响下,主张通过保护富人,调节贫富关系;明清时期思想家主张实现对贫富分化中的弱势群体的扶助和救济,促进共同富裕。到了近代,中国思想家将共同富裕社会的建构作为救国救民的政治理想和行动方案,提出了建设“大同社会”“大同世界”,发展“民主主义”,实现共同富裕。与此同时,西方社会的空想社会主义者则希望建立一个消除阶级对立与冲突,实现共同富裕的新社会。这些思想和主张为新时代中国社会处理贫富问题积累了宝贵的经验,为形成具有新时代中国特色的共同富裕思想筑牢了理论基础。

Common prosperity is the common value pursuit of all mankind.It is also the essential requirement of socialism with Chinese characteristics and Chinese modernization.Since ancient times,human beings have actively explored the possibility of achieving common prosperity in the practice of developing the economy,improving people’s livelihood,and preventing the gap between the rich and the poor.From the perspective of economic history development,pre-Qin thinkers advocated building a“moderately prosperous”society with the nature of“Great Harmony”and achieving“clear distinction”in accordance with the“non-qiweiqi”method;the non-interference attitude of“restrained the polarization between the rich and the poor”;under the influence of“the debate between the rich and the poor”,thinkers in the Tang and Song Dynasties advocated regulating the relationship between the rich and the poor by protecting the rich;the thinkers in the Ming and Qing Dynasties advocated the realization of the gap between the rich and the poor by aid and relief to promote common prosperity.In modern times,Chinese thinkers regard the construction of a common prosperity society as a political ideal and action plan for saving the country and the people,and propose the construction of a“Great Harmony Society”and a“Great Harmony World”,the development of“democracy”,and the realization of common prosperity.At the same time,utopian socialists in Western society hope to build a new society that eliminates class antagonisms and conflicts and achieves common prosperity.These ideas and propositions have accumulated valuable experience for Chinese society in the new era to deal with the issue of wealth and poverty,and laid a solid theoretical foundation for the formation of the idea of common prosperity with Chinese characteristics in the new era.