论弗里德里克·杰姆逊的后现代主义文学史观

On Frederic Jameson’s View of Postmodernism in Literary History

后现代主义理论家弗里德里克·杰姆逊(Fredric Jameson)在其《在“新”结束之后的新文学史》一文中提出了他对后现代主义文学生产与文学史的看法。在他看来,后现代主义背景下的文学生产变为对诸种“观念”或“想法”(idea)的发明及理论化,后现代主义文学史也变为对这些观念或想法的想象性建构史。因此,杰姆逊认为,对抗资本主义话语的现代主义艺术之历史已经终结,紧随其后的后现代主义艺术史则完全让位于晚期资本主义的意识形态,即当作品变为“想法”时,对“想法”的解释也就变为对“作品”的创作,而解释权最终掌握在统治阶级的话语体系之中。杰姆逊的观点固然存在局限,但为我们理解当代文学及艺术提供了有价值的反思。

In his late essay“New Literary History after the End of the New”(2008),Fredric Jameson,a leading postmodernism theorist,presents his views on postmodernism literary production and its history.In his view,literary production in the context of postmodernism becomes the invention and theorization of various“ideas”,consequently,the history of postmodernism literature becomes the history of the imaginative construction of these ideas.Therefore,Jamson argues that the history of modernist art against capitalist discourse has come to an end,and the post-modern art history that follows it has completely given way to the ideology of late capitalism,that is,when a work becomes an“idea”,the interpretation of the“idea”also becomes the creation of the“work”,and the power of interpretation ultimately rests in the discourse system of the ruling class.Although Jamson’s view has some limitations,it still provides a valuable reflection for us to understand contemporary literature and art.