乡村振兴背景下我国农民科学素质建设的思考——基于第十二次中国公民科学素质抽样调查的实证研究

Reflections on the Construction of Scientific Literacy of Chinese Farmers under the Background of Rural Revitalization:An Empirical Study Based on the 12th National Civic Scientific Literacy Sampling Survey

党的二十大报告提出建设“农业强国”,农民作为农业农村现代化的主体人群,应发挥主体责任。自“十三五”以来,我国农民科学素质建设取得显著成果,2022年,农民群体具备科学素质的比例达到6.67%,在科学生产、科学经营方面能力较强,但仍存在一定问题。依据第十二次中国公民科学素质抽样调查数据,分析得出农民科学素质存在与全国总体水平差距加大、低年龄段人群科学素质水平较低、参观科普场馆频率较低、自身对科学技术的兴趣程度较低等问题,与其他重点人群相比差距较大。建议在科普机制建设、基层科普设施建设、职业培训体系建设等方面完善农村科普工作,加强农村科学文化教育建设、充分利用好“线上+线下”双平台资源、丰富科普产品形式与内容、提升农民职业技能培训体系的含金量与普及度,助力农民科学素质在新时代进一步发展。

The Report to the 20th National Congress of the CPC proposed to build an“agricultural power”,and farmers,as the main group of people in the modernization of agriculture and rural areas,should play the main responsibility.Since the 13th Five-Year Plan,the scientific literacy of farmers in China has achieved remarkable results,and the scientific literacy level reached 6.67%in 2022.Farmers show strong ability in scientific production and management,but there are still certain problems in constructing scientific literacy.Based on the data of the 12th National Civic Scientific Literacy Sampling Survey,there are 4 problems in farmers'scientific literacy:the gap between the level of scientific quality of farmers and the national level has increased,the proportion of low-age farmers with scientific literacy is low,the frequency of visits science museums is less in farmers,and farmers have less interest in science and technology information.All the situations differed strongly from the other key groups.Farmers'scientific literacy is influenced by their own characteristics and economic,cultural and social construction factors.Therefore,it is recommended to improve rural science popularization in terms of the construction of science popularization mechanisms,the construction of grassroots science popularization facilities and the construction of vocational training system in the future.Government should strengthen the construction of rural science and culture education,fully utilize the resources of both online and offline platforms,enrich the form and content of science popularization products,enhance the gold content and popularity of farmers'vocational skills training system,and help farmers'scientific quality level to further improve in the new era.