交叉学科人才培养的规训悖论及其突破

The Discipline Paradox in Interdisciplinary Talent Cultivation and Its Breakthrough

交叉学科发展呼唤人才培养模式革新。学科规训是学科后继人才培养的基本手段,规训理论提供了从组织制度和知识体系两个层面分析交叉学科人才培养的框架。交叉学科既要留足知识体系融合的自由空间以保持生机,又要完成分门划界的制度建设任务以维持生存,由此产生了人才培养的“去规训”与“再规训”悖论。比较传统学科与交叉学科截然不同的发展路径发现,二者在学科萌芽时期分别将“规训”和“去规训”作为人才培养的唯一方式,而学科成熟时期则将“规训”与“开放”视为人才培养的并存关系:传统学科是“规训的开放”,即以服务学科规训为目的实施学科交叉;而交叉学科则是“开放的规训”,即以限制学科交叉过度开放为目的实施学科规训。因此,交叉学科应当建立一种制度化的开放式人才培养模式,在“巩固规训”与“保持开放”中维持平衡,消除交叉学科人才培养中的“规训悖论”。

The development of interdisciplines calls for innovation in talent cultivation models.Discipline of subject training is a basic means of cultivating successors of a subject.Discipline of subject training provides a framework for analyzing interdisciplinary talent cultivation from both organizational systems and knowledge systems.Interdisciplines not only need to leave sufficient free space for the integration of knowledge systems to maintain vitality,but also complete the task of system construction for the division and demarcation of subjects to maintain survival.This has resulted in the paradox of"de-discipline training"and"re-discipline training"in talent cultivation.Comparing the different development paths of interdisciplines and traditional subjects,it is found that the two respectively regard"discipline"and"de-discipline"as the only way to cultivate talents in the budding stage of subjects,while"discipline"and"openness"are regarded as coexistence of talent training in the mature stage of subjects:traditional subjects are considered as"disciplined openness",that is,the implementation of interdisciplines for the purpose of serving discipline of subject training;Interdisciplines,on the other hand,is"open discipline",that is,the implementation of discipline for the purpose of limiting the excessive openness of interdisciplines..Therefore,interdisciplines should establish an institutionalized and open talent cultivation model,maintain a balance between"consolidating discipline"and"maintaining openness",and eliminate the"discipline paradox"in interdisciplinary talent cultivation.