我国刑法中的“他行为条款”:类型分析与立法评价

Provision Involving Other Act in China′s Criminal Law:Type Analysis and Legislative Evaluation

“他行为条款”是对我国刑法中的部分特殊规定之抽象概括,即将基本犯与之不能包含的行为合并评价的情形。“他行为”作为该条款的核心要件,可分为构罪型与违法型他行为、确定型与开放型他行为、规范型与事实型他行为。我国刑法中的他行为条款包括从重处罚、加重处罚、数罪并罚、从一重处断四种类型。经立法正当性评价,该模式总体符合要求,具有正面、积极的意义,尤其是从一重处断的他行为条款之设置愈加必要;然而,《刑法》第133条“交通运输肇事后逃逸”加重处罚规定与第294条第4款违背禁止重复评价原则;第157条第1款不应按照第151条第1款的规定从重处罚;第229条第2款与第399条第4款违背充分评价的要求;还有个别加重处罚条款违背罪刑处断原理,应予完善。

The "provision involving other act" is an abstract summary of some special provisions in China′s criminal law,that is,a basic crime is evaluated together with other acts that cannot be included.As the core element of this clause,"other act" can be divided into constitutive and illegal other act,definite and open other act,normative and factual other act.The provision involving other act in our criminal law include four types:heavier punishment,aggravated punishment,joinder of punishments for plural crimes,and convicted and punished in accordance with the heavier provision.After the legitimacy evaluation,this model generally meets the requirements and has a positive and positive significance,especially the setting of the provision of other acts from a single point of view is increasingly necessary.However,the aggravating punishment provisions of Article 133 of the Criminal Law on "traffic and transportation hit-and-run" and Paragraph 4 of Article 294 violate the principle of prohibiting repeated evaluation.Paragraph 1 of Article 157 shall not be given a heavier punishment in accordance with Paragraph 1 of Article 151.Paragraph 2 of Article 229 and paragraph 4 of Article 399 violate the requirement of full evaluation.Individual aggravating punishment clauses violate the principle of punishment for crimes and should be optimized.