专注—持续—延伸:基于主题的诺贝尔奖获得者研究模式探析——以物理学领域为例

Concentration,Continuation and Extension:Research Pattern of Nobel Laureates Based on the Topic:An Empirical Analysis of Physics

诺贝尔奖获得者作为杰出科学家的代表,揭示其职业生涯的研究模式对促进科学发展具有重要意义。本研究以1902–2016年诺贝尔物理学奖获得者为例,组合使用BERT语义模型和AP近邻传播聚类算法对每个获奖者的论文集合分别进行主题探测,并从主题的专注度和扩散性两个角度对获奖者的研究特征进行分析。结果表明,诺贝尔物理学奖获得者之间具有类似的研究模式:“专注—持续—延伸”。尽管获奖者在职业生涯的不同时间段会同时涉及多个研究主题,但在研究活跃的同时却始终持续对获奖主题研究保持专注,且随着时间推移,获奖者会加强对获奖延伸主题的研究。

Nobel laureates are representative of outstanding scientists,and their research mode,once revealed,can be helpful to promote the development of science.In the study,we take the Nobel laureates in physics from 1902 to 2016 as an example.A combination of BERT semantic model and AP(Affinity Propagation)clustering is used to detect the research topics of each laureate's papers.Then the research characteristics of laureates are analyzed from two perspectives:concentration and diffusion.The empirical analysis of the Nobel laureates in physics shows that they share a similar pattern of research behavior,which is“concentration,continuation and extension”.Although laureates will conduct multiple research topics in different periods throughout their careers,they remain focused on the Prize-winning topics while being active in their research.And with the growth of age,they would gradually expand research into other topics beyond the Prize-winning topics.